Neutrophils release branched-chain (valine, isoleucine, leucine), aromatic (tyrosine, phenylalanine) and positively charged free amino acids (arginine, ornithine, lysine, hydroxylysine, histidine) when adhere and spread onto fibronectin. In the presence of agents that impair cell spreading or adhesion (cytochalasin D, fMLP, nonadhesive substrate), neutrophils release the same amino acids, except for a sharp decrease in hydroxylysine and an increase in phenylalanine, indicating their special connection with cell adhesion. Plasma of patients with diabetes is characterized by an increased content of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and a reduced ratio of arginine/ornithine compared to healthy human plasma. Our data showed that the secretion of neutrophils, regardless of their adhesion state, can contribute to this shift in the amino acid content. Abbreviations: BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids; Е2: 17β-estradiol; LPS: lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; fMLP: N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.

中文翻译：

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中性粒细胞是支链，芳香族和带正电荷的游离氨基酸的来源。

中性粒细胞在粘附并扩散到纤连蛋白上时会释放出支链（缬氨酸，异亮氨酸，亮氨酸），芳香族（酪氨酸，苯丙氨酸）和带正电荷的游离氨基酸（精氨酸，鸟氨酸，赖氨酸，羟赖氨酸，组氨酸）。在存在会损害细胞扩散或粘附的药物（细胞松弛素D，fMLP，非粘附性底物）的存在下，嗜中性粒细胞会释放相同的氨基酸，除了羟赖氨酸的急剧减少和苯丙氨酸的增加外，表明它们与细胞粘附密切相关。与健康人血浆相比，糖尿病患者的血浆特征在于支链和芳香族氨基酸的含量增加，精氨酸/鸟氨酸的比例降低。我们的数据表明，中性粒细胞的分泌物，无论其粘附状态如何，可以促进氨基酸含量的这种变化。缩写：BCAAs：支链氨基酸；Е2：17β-雌二醇；LPS：来自肠炎沙门氏菌鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的脂多糖；fMLP：N-甲酰基甲硫酰基-亮氨酰-苯丙氨酸。