Flame retardants (FRs) are added to foams and plastics to comply with flammability standards and test requirements in products for household and industrial uses. When these regulations were implemented, potential health and environmental impacts of FR use were not fully recognized or understood. Extensive research in the past decades reveal that exposure to halogenated FRs, such as those used widely in furniture foam, is associated with and/or causally related to numerous health effects in animals and humans. While many of the toxic FRs have been eliminated and replaced by other FRs, existing products containing toxic or potentially toxic chemical FRs will remain in use for decades, and new products containing these and similar chemicals will permeate the environment. When such products reach the end of their useful life, proper disposal methods are needed to avoid health and ecological risks. To minimize continued human and environmental exposures to hazardous FR chemicals from discarded products, waste management technologies and processes must be improved. This review discusses a wide range of issues associated with all aspects of the use and responsible disposal of wastes containing FRs, and identifies basic and applied research needs in the areas of responsible collection, pretreatment, processing, and management of these wastes.

中文翻译：

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负责任地管理报废泡沫和含阻燃剂塑料的方法：第 I 部分

阻燃剂 (FR) 被添加到泡沫和塑料中，以符合家用和工业用途产品的易燃性标准和测试要求。当这些法规实施时，阻燃剂使用对健康和环境的潜在影响并未得到充分认识或理解。过去几十年的广泛研究表明，接触卤化阻燃剂（例如广泛用于家具泡沫的阻燃剂）与动物和人类的许多健康影响有关和/或因果关系。虽然许多有毒阻燃剂已被淘汰并被其他阻燃剂取代，但含有有毒或潜在有毒化学阻燃剂的现有产品将继续使用数十年，而含有这些和类似化学品的新产品将渗透到环境中。当此类产品达到使用寿命时，需要适当的处置方法以避免健康和生态风险。为了最大限度地减少人类和环境对来自废弃产品的有害阻燃化学品的持续暴露，必须改进废物管理技术和流程。本综述讨论了与使用和负责任处置含 FR 废物的所有方面相关的广泛问题，并确定了负责任收集、预处理、加工和管理这些废物领域的基础和应用研究需求。