The aim of this observational cross-sectional survey was to determine the prevalence of rapid weight loss (RWL) in elite kickboxers. Kickboxers (61 males; age = 24.2 ± 4.6 years, weight = 73.9 ± 12.8 kg, and height = 179.2 ± 7.9 cm) from eight European countries completed a Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire regarding prevalence, magnitude, and methods of RWL. All athletes (100%) were practicing RWL before the competition with a Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire score of 52.4 ±12.9. Most kickboxers 'usually lose between 2% and 5% of their body mass, whereas ∼30% lose between 6% and 8%. However, it is alarming that almost 30% reported cutting 10% of body weight or more sometime during their kickboxing career. Almost half of the athletes always practice gradual dieting (45.9%) and increased exercising (44.3%) to reduce body mass. Kickboxers usually reduce weight three to four times during a year, usually 7-15 days before a competition. More than a third (34.4%) started with RWL practice under the age of 17. There was no significant difference between weight divisions in weight management behaviors (p = .5, F = 0.6; η2 = .0) and no relation between the main characteristics of elite kickboxing athletes and the total RWL score. In conclusion, RWL practices in kickboxing athletes are somewhat specific and different when compared with other combat sports, which can be explained by greater number of weight classes and specific weigh-in protocol.

中文翻译：

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精英跆拳道运动员的快速减肥实践。

这项观察性横断面调查的目的是确定精英跆拳道运动员快速减肥 (RWL) 的流行率。来自八个欧洲国家的跆拳道运动员（61 名男性；年龄 = 24.2 ± 4.6 岁，体重 = 73.9 ± 12.8 公斤，身高 = 179.2 ± 7.9 厘米）完成了关于 RWL 的患病率、严重程度和方法的快速减肥问卷。所有运动员（100%）在赛前都在练习 RWL，快速减肥问卷得分为 52.4 ±12.9。大多数跆拳道运动员“通常会减掉 2% 到 5% 的体重，而大约 30% 会减掉 6% 到 8% 的体重。” 然而，令人震惊的是，近 30% 的人报告说在他们的跆拳道生涯中的某个时候体重减轻了 10% 或更多。几乎一半的运动员总是通过逐渐节食（45.9%）和增加锻炼（44.3%）来减轻体重。跆拳道运动员通常在一年内减重三到四次，通常是在比赛前 7-15 天。超过三分之一 (34.4%) 从 17 岁以下开始 RWL 练习。体重管理行为的体重划分之间没有显着差异 (p = .5, F = 0.6; η2 = .0) 并且精英跆拳道运动员的主要特征和 RWL 总分。总之，与其他格斗运动相比，跆拳道运动员的 RWL 练习有些特殊和不同，这可以通过更多的重量级别和特定的称重协议来解释。体重管理行为的体重划分之间没有显着差异（p = .5，F = 0.6；η2 = .0），并且精英跆拳道运动员的主要特征与总 RWL 得分之间没有关系。总之，与其他格斗运动相比，跆拳道运动员的 RWL 练习有些特殊和不同，这可以通过更多的重量级别和特定的称重协议来解释。体重管理行为的体重划分之间没有显着差异（p = .5，F = 0.6；η2 = .0），并且精英跆拳道运动员的主要特征与总 RWL 得分之间没有关系。总之，与其他格斗运动相比，跆拳道运动员的 RWL 练习有些特殊和不同，这可以通过更多的重量级别和特定的称重协议来解释。