Background: Currently, the most important challenge in the development of therapeutics and actives is their poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability.

Objective: The low aqueous solubility, poor pharmacokinetic properties, and bioavailability associated with novel actives manifest in numerous challenges in the formulation of conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, etc. Nanosponges are a novel class of drug delivery system capable of encapsulating or entrapping both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages offered by nanosponges which make them a promising anti-tumor drug delivery system.

Methods: Nanosponges are colloidal structures comprising solid nanoparticles with cavities and meshlike structures for encapsulation of wide varieties of substances like antineoplastic agents, proteins and peptides, volatile oils, genetic material, etc. The methods of preparation of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges include solvent evaporation method, emulsion solvent evaporation method, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, hyper cross-linked cyclodextrin and interfacial phenomenon method. A large variety of nanosponges- based formulations are available in the market and some formulations of prostavastin, brexin, glymesason, mena-gargle, etc. are under clinical trials.

Results: Nanosponges possess potential applications in target site-specific drug delivery to liver, spleen, and lungs. Due to the surface functionalization, nanosponges show broad applications in water purification, protein delivery, chemical sensors, detection of explosives, agriculture, etc. In the near future, nanosponges-based products will capture a huge market for commercialization due to their improved properties and advantages.

Conclusion: This review provides an account of the patents related to nanosponges (2006-2018) and covers the broad applications of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, their roles in vaccine delivery, cancer therapy, fire engineering, water purification, etc.

背景：目前，治疗剂和活性剂开发中最重要的挑战是其水溶性差和生物利用度差。

目的：与新型活性成分相关的低水溶性，低药代动力学性能和生物利用度，在常规剂型（如片剂，胶囊剂，混悬剂，乳剂等）的配制中面临着诸多挑战。纳米海绵剂是一类新型的药物递送系统，能够包封或截留亲脂性和亲水性药物。靶向特定的药物递送和受控的药物释放是纳米海绵所提供的优势，这使它们成为有前途的抗肿瘤药物递送系统。

方法：纳米海绵是由具有空腔和网状结构的固体纳米颗粒组成的胶体结构，用于封装多种物质，如抗肿瘤药，蛋白质和肽，挥发油，遗传物质等。基于β-环糊精的纳米海绵的制备方法包括溶剂蒸发法，乳液溶剂蒸发法，超声辅助合成，超交联环糊精和界面现象法。市场上可以买到多种基于纳米海绵的制剂，并且前列汀，brexin，格列美松，Mena-gargle等的某些制剂正在临床试验中。

结果：纳米海绵在将目标部位特异性药物输送到肝，脾和肺中具有潜在的应用。由于表面功能化，纳米海绵在水净化，蛋白质输送，化学传感器，爆炸物检测，农业等方面显示出广泛的应用。在不久的将来，基于纳米海绵的产品由于其改进的性能和在工业上的应用将赢得巨大的商业化市场。优点。

结论：本文综述了与纳米海绵有关的专利（2006-2018），涵盖了基于β-环糊精的纳米海绵的广泛应用，它们在疫苗递送，癌症治疗，消防工程，水净化等方面的作用。