Bacterial invasion covers two steps: adhesion and entry per se. The cell signalling response is triggered upon pathogen interaction at the cell surface. This response continues when the pathogen is internalised. It is likely that these two steps activate different molecular machineries. So far, it has not been possible to easily follow in physiological conditions these events separately. We thus developed an approach to uncouple adhesion from entry using atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐driven force and fluorescence measurements.

中文翻译：

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在粘附步骤阻止细菌进入揭示了膜和细胞溶质探针的动态募集

细菌入侵包括两个步骤：粘附和进入本身。细胞信号反应在细胞表面的病原体相互作用时被触发。当病原体被内化时，这种反应会继续。这两个步骤很可能激活了不同的分子机制。到目前为止，还不可能在生理条件下轻松地分别跟踪这些事件。因此，我们开发了一种使用原子力显微镜 (AFM) 驱动力和荧光测量将粘附与进入分离的方法。