As a result of population growth, urbanization and climate change, agricultural systems around the world face enormous pressure on the use of resources. There is a pressing need for wide-scale innovation leading to development that improves the livelihoods and food security of the world's population while at the same time addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation. A variety of promising climate-smart interventions have been identified. However, what remains is the prioritization of interventions for investment and broad dissemination. The suitability and adoption of interventions depends on a variety of bio-physical and socio-economic factors. Also their impacts, when adopted and out-scaled, are likely to be highly heterogeneous. This heterogeneity expresses itself not only spatially and temporally but also in terms of the stakeholders affected, some might win and some might lose. A mechanism that can facilitate a systematic, holistic assessment of the likely spread and consequential impact of potential interventions is one way of improving the selection and targeting of such options. In this paper we provide climate smart agriculture (CSA) planners and implementers at all levels with a generic framework for evaluating and prioritising potential interventions. This entails an iterative process of mapping out recommendation domains, assessing adoption potential and estimating impacts. Through examples, related to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa, we demonstrate each of the steps and how they are interlinked. The framework is applicable in many different forms, scales and settings. It has a wide applicability beyond the examples presented and we hope to stimulate readers to integrate the concepts in the planning process for climate-smart agriculture, which invariably involves multi-stakeholder, multi-scale and multi-objective decision-making.

中文翻译：

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农业系统中气候智能型干预措施的针对性、扩大规模和优先顺序：将通用框架应用于撒哈拉以南非洲畜牧业的经验教训

由于人口增长、城市化和气候变化，世界各地的农业系统面临着资源利用的巨大压力。迫切需要大规模的创新来促进发展，改善世界人民的生计和粮食安全，同时解决气候变化的适应和减缓问题。已经确定了各种有前景的气候智能型干预措施。然而，剩下的就是投资和广泛传播干预措施的优先顺序。干预措施的适用性和采用取决于各种生物物理和社会经济因素。此外，当它们被采用和扩大规模时，其影响可能是高度异质的。这种异质性不仅表现在空间和时间上，而且表现在受影响的利益相关者方面，有些人可能会赢，有些人可能会输。一种能够促进对潜在干预措施的可能传播和后果影响进行系统、全面评估的机制是改进此类方案的选择和针对性的一种方法。在本文中，我们为各级气候智能农业（CSA）规划者和实施者提供了一个通用框架，用于评估和优先考虑潜在的干预措施。这需要规划推荐领域、评估采用潜力和估计影响的迭代过程。通过与撒哈拉以南非洲畜牧业生产相关的示例，我们展示了每个步骤以及它们如何相互关联。该框架适用于许多不同的形式、规模和环境。它具有超出所提供示例的广泛适用性，我们希望激发读者将这些概念融入气候智能型农业的规划过程中，而气候智能型农业总是涉及多利益相关者、多规模和多目标决策。