Bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a new powerful tool that facilitates the study of structure and function of biomolecules in their native environment. A wide variety of bioorthogonal reactions that can proceed selectively and efficiently under physiologically relevant conditions are now available. The common features of these chemical reactions include: fast kinetics, tolerance to aqueous environment, high selectivity and compatibility with naturally occurring functional groups. The design and development of new chemical transformations in this direction is an important step to meet the growing demands of chemical biology. This chapter aims to introduce the reader to the field by providing an overview on general principles and strategies used in bioorthogonal chemistry. Special emphasis is given to cycloaddition reactions, namely to 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions, as chemical transformations that play a predominant role in modern bioconjugation chemistry. The recent advances have established these reactions as an invaluable tool in modern bioorthogonal chemistry. The key aspects of the methodology as well as future outlooks in the field are discussed.

中文翻译：

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生物正交化学—简介和概述[已更正]。

生物正交化学已经发展成为一种新的强大工具，可以促进对生物分子在其自然环境中的结构和功能的研究。现在可获得在生理相关条件下可以选择性和有效进行的多种生物正交反应。这些化学反应的共同特征包括：快速动力学，对水环境的耐受性，高选择性以及与天然官能团的相容性。朝这个方向进行新化学转化的设计和开发是满足化学生物学不断增长的需求的重要一步。本章旨在通过概述生物正交化学中使用的一般原理和策略向读者介绍该领域。特别强调环加成反应，即1 3-偶极环加成和Diels-Alder反应，作为化学转化，在现代生物共轭化学中起主要作用。最近的进展已将这些反应确立为现代生物正交化学中的宝贵工具。讨论了该方法的关键方面以及该领域的未来前景。