Xenopus gastrulation movements are in large part based on the rearrangement of cells by differential cell‐on‐cell migration within multilayered tissues. Different patterns of migration‐based cell intercalation drive endoderm and mesoderm internalization and their positioning along their prospective body axes. C‐cadherin, fibronectin, integrins, and focal contact components are expressed in all gastrula cells and play putative roles in cell‐on‐cell migration, but their actual functions in this respect are not yet understood. The gastrula can be subdivided into two motility domains, and in the vegetal, migratory domain, two modes of cell migration are discerned. Vegetal endoderm cells show ingression‐type migration, a variant of amoeboid migration characterized by the lack of locomotory protrusions and by macropinocytosis as a mechanism of trailing edge resorption. Mesendoderm and prechordal mesoderm cells use lamellipodia in a mesenchymal mode of migration. Gastrula cell motility can be dissected into traits, such as cell polarity, adhesion, mobility, or protrusive activity, which are controlled separately yet in complex, combinatorial ways. Cells can instantaneously switch between different combinations of traits, showing plasticity as they respond to substratum properties.

中文翻译：

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非洲爪蟾腹中的细胞迁移。

非洲爪蟾胃泌尿运动很大程度上是由于多层组织内不同的细胞间迁移而引起的细胞重排。基于迁移的细胞嵌入的不同模式会驱动内胚层和中胚层的内在化，并沿着它们的预期体轴定位。C-钙粘着蛋白，纤连蛋白，整联蛋白和焦点接触成分在所有胃小肠细胞中表达，并在细胞间迁移中起推定作用，但在这方面它们的实际功能尚不清楚。胃脂肪可细分为两个运动域，在植物性迁移域中，可识别出两种细胞迁移模式。植物内胚层细胞显示进入型迁移，amoeboid迁移的一种变体，其特征是缺乏运动性突起，并且以巨胞吞作用作为后缘吸收的机制。中胚层和前中胚层细胞以间充质迁移模式使用板状脂膜。胃脂肪细胞的运动性可以分解为特征，例如细胞极性，粘附性，活动性或突出活动，这些特征可以通过复杂的组合方式单独控制。细胞可以立即在不同的性状组合之间切换，因为它们对基质特性有反应，因此显示出可塑性。组合方式。细胞可以立即在不同的性状组合之间切换，因为它们对基质特性有反应，因此显示出可塑性。组合方式。细胞可以立即在不同的性状组合之间切换，因为它们对基质特性有反应，因此显示出可塑性。