A general trend in the oil industry is a decrease in the proven reserves of light crude oils so that any increase in future oil exploration is associated with high-viscous sulfuric oils and bitumen. Although the world reserves of heavy oil are much greater than those of sweet light oils, their exploration at present is less than 12 % of the total oil recovery. One of the main constraints is very high expenses for the existing technologies of heavy oil recovery, upgrading, transportation, and refining. Heavy oil processing by conventional methods is difficult and requires high power inputs and capital investments. Effective and economic processing of high viscous oil and oil residues needs not only improvements of the existing methods, such as thermal, catalytic and hydro-cracking, but the development of new technological approaches for upgrading and refining of any type of problem oil feedstock. One of the perspective approaches to this problem is the application of ionizing irradiation for high-viscous oil processing. Radiation methods for upgrading and refining high-viscous crude oils and petroleum products in a wide temperature range, oil desulfurization, radiation technology for refining used oil products, and a perspective method for gasoline radiation isomerization are discussed in this paper. The advantages of radiation technology are simple configuration of radiation facilities, low capital and operational costs, processing at lowered temperatures and nearly atmospheric pressure without the use of any catalysts, high production rates, relatively low energy consumption, and flexibility to the type of oil feedstock.

中文翻译：

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通过电离辐射进行原油和石油产品的升级和精炼。

石油工业的总体趋势是，轻质原油的探明储量减少，因此，未来石油勘探的任何增加都与高黏度的硫酸油和沥青有关。尽管世界上重油的储量远大于甜味轻油的储量，但目前其开采量不到总采油量的12％。主要限制之一是重油回收，升级，运输和精炼的现有技术的高昂费用。用常规方法加工重油是困难的，并且需要高功率输入和资本投资。对高粘度油和油渣进行有效而经济的加工不仅需要改进现有方法，例如热裂化，催化裂化和加氢裂化，但是开发了用于升级和精炼任何类型的有问题的石油原料的新技术方法。解决此问题的一种透视方法是将电离辐射应用于高粘度油的加工。本文讨论了在宽温度范围内对高黏度原油和石油产品进行提质和精制的辐射方法，油脱硫，精制废油产品的辐射技术以及汽油辐射异构化的透视方法。辐射技术的优势在于辐射设施的配置简单，投资和运营成本低，在不使用任何催化剂的情况下在较低的温度和接近大气压的条件下进行处理，生产率高，能耗相对较低以及对石油原料类型的灵活性。