Porphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, which affects tooth‐supporting tissues. This Gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium produces a repertoire of virulence factors that modulate tissue destruction directly or indirectly by the induction of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol, a major polyphenol found in grapes and wine, on the growth and virulence properties of P. gingivalis as well as on gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and the host inflammatory response. Resveratrol exhibited antibacterial activity that may result from damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Resveratrol also killed a pre‐formed P. gingivalis biofilm and reduced bacterial adherence to matrix proteins. In addition, resveratrol had a protective effect on the integrity of the keratinocyte tight junctions by inhibiting its breakdown by P. gingivalis. This may be related to the ability of resveratrol to inhibit the protease activities of P. gingivalis. Lastly, resveratrol reduced P. gingivalis‐mediated activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and attenuated TREM‐1 gene expression as well as soluble TREM‐1 secretion in monocytes. The effect on NF‐κB activation likely results from the ability of resveratrol to act as a PPAR‐γ agonist. In summary, the antibacterial, anti‐adherence, and antiprotease properties of resveratrol, as well as its ability to protect the gingival keratinocyte barrier and attenuate the inflammatory response in monocytes suggest that it may be a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating periodontal disease.

中文翻译：

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白藜芦醇可减轻牙龈卟啉单胞菌的致病性和炎症性。

牙龈卟啉单胞菌与慢性牙周炎密切相关，慢性牙周炎会影响牙齿支撑组织。这种革兰氏阴性厌氧细菌会产生一系列毒力因子，这些因子通过诱导炎症过程直接或间接调节组织破坏。这项研究的目的是调查白藜芦醇（一种在葡萄和葡萄酒中发现的主要多酚）对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的生长和毒力特性以及牙龈角质形成细胞紧密连接完整性和宿主炎症反应的影响。白藜芦醇表现出抗菌活性，这可能是由于细菌细胞膜受损所致。白藜芦醇还杀死了预先形成的牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜和减少细菌对基质蛋白的粘附。另外，白藜芦醇通过抑制其被牙龈卟啉单胞菌分解而对角质形成细胞紧密连接的完整性具有保护作用。这可能与白藜芦醇抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌蛋白酶活性的能力有关。最后，白藜芦醇减少牙龈卟啉单胞菌介导的NF-κB信号通路的激活和减弱的TREM-1基因表达以及单核细胞中可溶性TREM-1的分泌。白藜芦醇作为PPAR-γ激动剂的能力可能是对NF-κB活化的影响。总之，白藜芦醇的抗菌，抗粘附和抗蛋白酶特性，以及其保护牙龈角质形成细胞屏障和减弱单核细胞炎症反应的能力表明，它可能是治疗牙周疾病的有前途的新型治疗剂。