Drought can heavily impact aquatic ecosystems. For amphibian species that rely on water availability for larval development, drought can have direct and indirect effects on larval survival and postmetamorphic fitness. Some amphibian species can accelerate the timing of metamorphosis to escape drying habitats through developmental plasticity. However, trade-offs associated with premature metamorphosis, such as reduced body size and altered immune function in the recently metamorphosed individual, may have downstream effects on susceptibility to disease. Here, we review the physiological mechanisms driving patterns in larval amphibian development under low water conditions. Specifically, we discuss drought-induced accelerated metamorphosis and how it may alter immune function, predisposing juvenile amphibians to infectious disease. In addition, we consider how these physiological and immunological adjustments could play out in a lethal disease system, amphibian chytridiomycosis. Last, we propose avenues for future research that adopt an ecoimmunological approach to evaluate the combined threats of drought and disease for amphibian populations.

中文翻译：

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疾病和干燥池塘：研究两栖动物的干旱，免疫功能和疾病发展之间的可能联系。

干旱会严重影响水生生态系统。对于依赖水供应的幼体发育的两栖动物而言，干旱会直接或间接影响幼体的存活和变态适应性。一些两栖类物种可以通过发育可塑性加快变态的时间，从而逃离干燥的栖息地。但是，与早熟变态有关的权衡，例如最近变态的个体的体型缩小和免疫功能改变，可能对疾病的易感性产生下游影响。在这里，我们审查在低水条件下幼虫两栖动物发育的生理机制驱动模式。具体来说，我们讨论了干旱引起的加速变态及其如何改变免疫功能，使两栖类幼稚动物容易感染传染病。此外，我们考虑了这些生理和免疫调节如何在致命的疾病系统，两栖性乳糜菌病中发挥作用。最后，我们提出了采用生态免疫方法评估两栖动物干旱和疾病综合威胁的未来研究途径。