Chronic-active antibody mediated rejection (c-aABMR) contributes significantly to late renal allograft failure. The antibodies directed against donor-derived antigens, e.g. anti-HLA antibodies, cause inflammation at the level of the microvascular endothelium. This is characterized by signs of local activation of the complement system and accumulation of immune cells within the capillaries. Non-invasive biomarkers of c-aABMR are currently not available but could be valuable for early detection. We therefore analyzed the activation profiles of circulating T and B cells, NK cells and monocytes in the peripheral blood of 25 kidney transplant recipients with c-aABMR and compared them to 25 matched recipients to evaluate whether they could serve as a potential biomarker.

No significant differences were found in the total percentage and distribution of NK cells, B cells and T cells between the c-aABMRpos and c-aABMRneg cases. There was however a higher percentage of monocytes present in c-aABMRpos cases (p < .05). Additionally, differences were found in activation status of circulating monocytes, NK cells and γδ T cells, mainly concerning the activation marker CD16. Although statistically significant, these differences were not sufficient for use as a biomarker of c-aABMR.

慢性活性抗体介导的排斥反应（c-aABMR）对晚期同种异体肾功能衰竭有重要作用。针对供体来源的抗原的抗体，例如抗HLA抗体，在微血管内皮水平引起炎症。其特征在于补体系统的局部活化和毛细管内免疫细胞积累的迹象。目前尚无c-aABMR的非侵入性生物标志物，但对于早期发现可能有价值。因此，我们分析了25位使用c-aABMR的肾移植受者的外周血中循环T细胞和B细胞，NK细胞和单核细胞的激活特征，并将其与25位匹配的接受者进行比较，以评估它们是否可以用作潜在的生物标记。

在c-aABMRpos和c-aABMRneg病例之间，NK细胞，B细胞和T细胞的总百分比和分布没有显着差异。然而，在c-aABMRpos病例中单核细胞的百分比更高（p  <.05）。此外，发现循环单核细胞，NK细胞和γδT细胞的激活状态存在差异，主要涉及激活标记CD16。尽管统计学上显着，但是这些差异不足以用作c-aABMR的生物标记。