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Short Interspersed Elements (SINEs) in Plants: Origin, Classification, and Use as Phylogenetic Markers
Systematic Biology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2006-12-01 , DOI: 10.1080/10635150601047843
Jean-Marc Deragon 1 , Xiaoyu Zhang
Affiliation  

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are a class of dispersed mobile sequences that use RNA as an intermediate in an amplification process called retroposition. The presence-absence of a SINE at a given locus has been used as a meaningful classification criterion to evaluate phylogenetic relations among species. We review here recent developments in the characterisation of plant SINEs and their use as molecular makers to retrace phylogenetic relations among wild and cultivated Oryza and Brassica species. In Brassicaceae, further use of SINE markers is limited by our partial knowledge of endogenous SINE families (their origin and evolution histories) and by the absence of a clear classification. To solve this problem, phylogenetic relations among all known Brassicaceae SINEs were analyzed and a new classification, grouping SINEs in 15 different families, is proposed. The relative age and size of each Brassicaceae SINE family was evaluated and new phylogenetically supported subfamilies were described. We also present evidence suggesting that new potentially active SINEs recently emerged in Brassica oleracea from the shuffling of preexisting SINE portions. Finally, the comparative evolution history of SINE families present in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea revealed that SINEs were in general more active in the Brassica lineage. The importance of these new data for the use of Brassicaceae SINEs as molecular markers in future applications is discussed.

中文翻译:

植物中的短散在元素 (SINE):起源、分类和用作系统发育标记

短散在元件 (SINE) 是一类分散的移动序列,它们在称为逆位的扩增过程中使用 RNA 作为中间体。在给定基因座上 SINE 的存在与否已被用作一种有意义的分类标准来评估物种之间的系统发育关系。我们在这里回顾了植物 SINE 表征的最新进展及其作为分子标记物的用途,以追溯野生和栽培水稻和芸苔属物种之间的系统发育关系。在十字花科中,SINE 标记的进一步使用受到我们对内源 SINE 家族(它们的起源和进化历史)的部分了解以及缺乏明确分类的限制。为了解决这个问题,分析了所有已知的十字花科 SINE 之间的系统发育关系,并建立了一个新的分类,建议将 SINE 分为 15 个不同的系列。评估了每个十字花科 SINE 科的相对年龄和大小,并描述了新的系统发育支持的亚科。我们还提供了证据,表明最近在芸苔中出现了新的潜在活性 SINE,这是对先前存在的 SINE 部分的改组。最后,存在于拟南芥和甘蓝中的 SINE 家族的比较进化历史表明,SINE 通常在芸苔属中更活跃。讨论了这些新数据对于在未来应用中使用十字花科 SINE 作为分子标记的重要性。我们还提供了证据,表明最近在芸苔中出现了新的潜在活性 SINE,这是对先前存在的 SINE 部分的改组。最后,存在于拟南芥和甘蓝中的 SINE 家族的比较进化历史表明,SINE 通常在芸苔属中更活跃。讨论了这些新数据对于在未来应用中使用十字花科 SINE 作为分子标记的重要性。我们还提供了证据,表明最近在芸苔中出现了新的潜在活性 SINE,这是对先前存在的 SINE 部分的改组。最后,存在于拟南芥和甘蓝中的 SINE 家族的比较进化历史表明,SINE 通常在芸苔属中更活跃。讨论了这些新数据对于在未来应用中使用十字花科 SINE 作为分子标记的重要性。
更新日期:2006-12-01
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