The local environment of peritoneal fluid (PF) surrounding the endometriotic implant is immunologically dynamic and links the reproductive and immune systems. Peritoneal fluid contains a variety of free floating cells, including macrophages, mesothelial cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. Macrophages are attracted to the peritoneal environment more abundantly than any other cell type. These scavengers promote cellular growth and viability through secretion of growth factors and cytokines. It is now becoming evident that cytokines play an important role in reproduction at various levels, including gamete function, fertilization and embryo development, implantation and postimplantation survival of the conceptus. Peritoneal fluid has been shown to affect negatively ovum capture by the fimbria, sperm survival, spermatozoon-oocyte interaction and embryonic development. We have recently identified the presence of two pro-inflammatory chemoattractant cytokines for monocyte/macrophages (MCP-1) and for granulocytes (interleukin-8, IL-8) in the PF. Concentrations of both IL-8 and MCP-1 are not only elevated in PF of women with endometriosis compared to those without endometriosis, but they are related to the severity of the disease. Over the past 70 years, at least a dozen theories have been proposed to explain the histogenesis and aetiology of endometriosis. It appears that the aetiology is multifactorial, and today a composite theory of retrograde menstruation with implantation of endometrial fragments in conjunction with peritoneal factors to stimulate cell growth is the most widely accepted explanation for peritoneal endometriosis.

中文翻译：

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子宫内膜异位症的腹膜环境。

子宫内膜异位植入物周围的腹膜液（PF）的局部环境具有免疫学动态，并将生殖和免疫系统联系在一起。腹膜液包含各种游离的漂浮细胞，包括巨噬细胞，间皮细胞，淋巴细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞。与任何其他细胞类型相比，巨噬细胞更广泛地吸引到腹膜环境。这些清除剂通过分泌生长因子和细胞因子来促进细胞生长和生存能力。现在变得明显的是，细胞因子在各个水平的生殖中都起着重要作用，包括配子功能，受精和胚胎发育，概念的植入和植入后存活。腹膜液已显示出通过菌毛，精子存活对卵子的捕获产生负面影响，精子卵母细胞的相互作用和胚胎发育。我们最近发现PF中存在单核细胞/巨噬细胞（MCP-1）和粒细胞（白介素8，IL-8）两种促炎性化学吸引细胞因子。与没有子宫内膜异位症的妇女相比，子宫内膜异位症妇女的PF中IL-8和MCP-1的浓度不仅升高，而且与疾病的严重程度有关。在过去的70年中，至少提出了十二种理论来解释子宫内膜异位症的组织发生和病因。似乎病因是多方面的，如今，一种结合子宫内膜碎片与腹膜因子结合刺激细胞生长的子宫内膜碎片植入的逆行月经综合理论是腹膜子宫内膜异位症最广泛接受的解释。