Puberty in humans is comprised of two developmental processes; namely, gonadarche and adrenarche. Of the two, gonadarche is fundamentally the most important, and this review examines the neurobiological mechanisms that first prevent, and later trigger, progression into this critically important phase of human development when the ability to first reproduce is established. The review draws extensively upon results obtained by studies of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), a representative higher primate which, like man, exhibits a postnatal pattern in activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that is characterized by a prolonged period of relative quiescence from late infancy until the initiation of the pubertal process. The proximate cause of the prepubertal quiescence in this neuroendocrine axis is the arrest or restraint of the pulsatile mode of hypothalamic GnRH release by a neurobiological brake that holds in check release of this decapeptide, without seeming to down-regulate the transcriptional activity of the gene encoding GnRH (GnRH-I). Thus, if neurogenomes control the onset of gonadarche, they must reside upstream from that of the GnRH neuron. The genetic and physiological factors (with a particular emphasis on leptin) that time the application and duration of the prepubertal brake on GnRH release are also considered.

中文翻译：

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灵长类动物青春期的神经生物学机制。

人类的青春期由两个发育过程组成。即性腺和肾上腺。在这两者中，性腺从根本上讲是最重要的，而本综述研究了首先建立生殖能力后首先阻止并随后触发进入人类发展这一至关重要阶段的神经生物学机制。该综述广泛借鉴了恒河猴（猕猴）的研究结果，恒河猴是一种具有代表性的高等灵长类动物，与人一样，在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴活动中表现出产后规律，其特征是相对时间延长。从婴儿晚期到青春期开始的静止期。在这个神经内分泌轴上，青春期前静止的最直接原因是通过抑制这种十肽释放的神经生物学制动器阻止或抑制下丘脑GnRH释放的搏动模式，而似乎没有下调该编码基因的转录活性。 GnRH（GnRH-1）。因此，如果神经基因组控制性腺的发作，它们必须位于GnRH神经元的上游。还考虑了青春期前刹车对GnRH释放的应用和持续时间的遗传和生理因素（特别是瘦素）。如果神经基因组控制了性腺的发作，则它们必须位于GnRH神经元的上游。还考虑了青春期前刹车对GnRH释放的应用和持续时间的遗传和生理因素（特别是瘦素）。如果神经基因组控制了性腺的发作，则它们必须位于GnRH神经元的上游。还考虑了青春期前刹车对GnRH释放的应用和持续时间的遗传和生理因素（特别是瘦素）。