Aging is a complex phenomenon caused by the time-dependent loss of cellular homeodynamics and consequently of physiological organismal functions. This process is affected by both genetic and environmental (e.g., diet) factors, as well as by their constant interaction. Consistently, deregulation of nutrient sensing and signaling pathways is considered a hallmark of aging. Nutrigenomics is an emerging scientific discipline that studies changes induced by diet on the genome and thus it considers the intersection of three topics, namely health, diet, and genomics. Model organisms, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, have been successfully used for in vivo modeling of higher metazoans aging and for nutrigenomic studies. Drosophila is a well-studied organism with sophisticated genetics and a fully annotated sequenced genome, in which ~ 75% of human disease-related genes have functional orthologs. Also, flies have organs/tissues that perform the equivalent functions of most mammalian organs, while discrete clusters of cells maintain insect carbohydrate homeostasis in a way similar to pancreatic cells. Herein, we discuss the mechanistic connections between nutrition and aging in Drosophila, and how this model organism can be used to study the effect of different diets (including natural products and/or their derivatives) on higher metazoans longevity.

中文翻译：

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营养基因组学作为研究饮食对衰老和年龄相关疾病影响的工具：果蝇方法。

衰老是一种复杂的现象，是由细胞稳态动力学随时间的丧失以及由此导致的生理有机功能的丧失引起的。这个过程受到遗传和环境（例如饮食）因素以及它们不断相互作用的影响。一致地，营养感应和信号传导途径的失调被认为是衰老的标志。营养基因组学是一门新兴的科学学科，研究饮食引起的基因组变化，因此它考虑了三个主题的交叉点，即健康、饮食和基因组学。模型生物，如果蝇果蝇，已成功用于高等后生动物衰老的体内建模和营养基因组学研究。果蝇是一种经过充分研究的生物体，具有复杂的遗传学和完全注释的基因组测序，其中约 75% 的人类疾病相关基因具有功能直向同源物。此外，果蝇的器官/组织与大多数哺乳动物器官具有相同的功能，而离散的细胞簇以类似于胰腺细胞的方式维持昆虫碳水化合物稳态。在此，我们讨论果蝇营养与衰老之间的机制联系，以及如何使用这种模式生物来研究不同饮食（包括天然产品和/或其衍生物）对较高后生动物寿命的影响。