The vast scientific heritage of Ernst Haeckel, evolutionist and thinker, comprises ecology as well. It is well known that it was he in 1866 introduced the term “ecology” for the science on interaction of the organisms and the environment. Haeckel built his system of the biological science (to be more precise, of the zoological science), including ecology, on the basis of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory (the theory of natural selection). Traditionally, it is supposed that Haeckel’s merit in world ecology is just the introduction of its name. However, there are few works devoting to development of Russian ecology. Actually, analysis of the impact of Haeckel’s ecological views on Russian biologists and development of ecology in the first half of the last century demonstrates that widely used opinion should be corrected. I hypothesise that Haeckel’s influence on Russian biologists was somewhat more than commonly thought. In spite of a rather long oblivion of the term “ecology” in the Russian literature followed by confusion of ecology and some other sciences (physiology, biogeography), some biologists saw in the Haeckel’s understanding of ecology the base for synthesis of ecology and the evolutionary theory. There are some specific traits of Haeckel’s influence on Russian biologists. At first, some of them accepted his evolutionary approach. Secondly, they highly appreciated his definition of ecology. Biologists defended such understanding of ecology even in the period of Lysenkoism pressure. At the same time, it is evident that Haeckel’s influence on development of ecology was somewhat limited.

中文翻译：

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恩斯特·海克尔（Ernst Haeckel）在20世纪上半叶在俄罗斯的“生态学”。

进化论者和思想家恩斯特·海克尔（Ernst Haeckel）的广泛科学遗产也包括生态学。众所周知，正是在1866年，他引入了“生态学”一词，作为有关生物与环境相互作用的科学。Haeckel在查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）的进化论（自然选择论）的基础上，建立了包括生态学在内的生物科学（更精确地说，是生态学）系统。传统上，人们认为海克尔在世界生态学上的功绩仅仅是其名字的引入。但是，很少有作品致力于俄罗斯生态的发展。实际上，分析上哈克尔的生态学观点对俄国生物学家的影响以及上个世纪上半叶的生态学发展表明，应该纠正广泛使用的观点。我假设海克尔对俄罗斯生物学家的影响远超出了人们的普遍想象。尽管俄罗斯文学中对“生态学”一词的遗忘由来已久，但随后生态学和其他一些科学（生理学，生物地理学）的混淆，一些生物学家却在海克尔对生态学的理解中看到了生态学和进化论的基础。理论。Haeckel对俄罗斯生物学家的影响有一些特定特征。起初，有些人接受了他的进化方法。其次，他们高度赞赏他对生态学的定义。即使在里森科主义的压力时期，生物学家也捍卫了对生态学的这种理解。同时，很明显，海克尔对生态发展的影响是有限的。