Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus. Recent FMD outbreaks in developed countries and their significant economic impact have increased the concern of governments worldwide. This review describes the reemergence of FMD in developed countries that had been disease free for many years and the effect that this has had on disease control strategies. The etiologic agent, FMD virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is examined in detail at the genetic, structural, and biochemical levels and in terms of its antigenic diversity. The virus replication cycle, including virus-receptor interactions as well as unique aspects of virus translation and shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis, is discussed. This information has been the basis for the development of improved protocols to rapidly identify disease outbreaks, to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals, and to begin to identify and test novel vaccine candidates. Furthermore, this knowledge, coupled with the ability to manipulate FMDV genomes at the molecular level, has provided the framework for examination of disease pathogenesis and the development of a more complete understanding of the virus and host factors involved.

中文翻译：

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口蹄疫。

口蹄疫（FMD）是丁香蹄类动物的一种高度传染性疾病。该病最初描述于16世纪，是第一种被鉴定为病毒的动物病原体。发达国家最近爆发的口蹄疫及其重大的经济影响，已引起世界各国政府的关注。这篇综述描述了多年无病的发达国家口蹄疫的再次出现及其对疾病控制策略的影响。病原体FMD病毒（FMDV）是Picornaviridae家族的一员，在遗传，结构和生化水平以及其抗原多样性方面进行了详细研究。病毒复制周期，包括病毒与受体的相互作用以及病毒翻译和宿主大分子合成关闭的独特方面，讨论。该信息已成为开发改进方案的基础，该方案可快速识别疾病暴发，区分接种疫苗的动物与感染动物，以及开始识别和测试新型疫苗候选物。此外，这种知识，加上在分子水平上操作FMDV基因组的能力，为检查疾病的发病机理以及对病毒和涉及的宿主因素的更全面理解提供了框架。