This article focuses on human Borna disease virus (BDV) infections, most notably on the development of valid diagnostic systems, which have arisen as a major research issue in the past decade. The significance of a novel modular triple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that is capable of specifically measuring anti-BDV antibodies as well as major structural proteins N (p40) and P (p24) in the blood, either as free antigens in the plasma or as antibody-bound circulating immune complexes (CICs), is explained. The impact of CICs and plasma antigen, which indicate periods of antigenemia in the course of BDV infection, along with other infection markers that are still in use is discussed. The review further provides new insight into possible links of BDV to human diseases, summarizing cross-sectional and longitudinal data which correlate acute depression with the presence and amount of antigen and CICs. Moreover, BDV prevalence in healthy people is reevaluated, suggesting that this was previously underestimated. Antiviral efficacy of amantadine, in vivo and in vitro, is outlined as well, with emphasis on wild-type (human and equine) versus laboratory strains. Finally, the pros and cons of the association of BDV with human disease, as detailed in the literature, are critically discussed and related to our data and concepts. This article supports existing correlative evidence for a pathogenic role of BDV infection in particular human mental disorders, in analogy to what has been proven for a variety of animal species.

中文翻译：

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博尔纳病病毒感染，是人类心理健康的风险。

本文着重于人类博尔纳病病毒（BDV）感染，尤其是有效诊断系统的开发，在过去十年中，这种诊断已成为一个主要研究问题。新型模块化三重酶联免疫吸附测定的重要性，它能够特异性检测血液中的抗BDV抗体以及主要结构蛋白N（p40）和P（p24），可以作为血浆中的游离抗原，也可以作为解释了抗体结合的循环免疫复合物（CIC）。讨论了指示BDV感染过程中抗原血症时期的CIC和血浆抗原的影响，以及仍在使用的其他感染标记。该评论进一步提供了BDV与人类疾病可能联系的新见解，总结了横截面和纵向数据，这些数据将急性抑郁症与抗原和CIC的存在和数量相关。此外，对健康人的BDV患病率进行了重新评估，这表明以前对此估计不足。还概述了金刚烷胺在体内和体外的抗病毒功效，重点是野生型（人和马）与实验室菌株。最后，对BDV与人类疾病相关性的利弊进行了严格的讨论，并与我们的数据和概念相关。本文支持BDV感染在特定人类精神疾病中的致病作用的现有相关证据，类似于已针对多种动物物种证明的证据。重新评估了健康人群中的BDV患病率，这表明以前对此估计不足。还概述了金刚烷胺在体内和体外的抗病毒功效，重点是野生型（人和马）与实验室菌株。最后，对BDV与人类疾病相关性的利弊进行了严格的讨论，并与我们的数据和概念相关。本文支持BDV感染在特定人类精神疾病中的致病作用的现有相关证据，类似于已针对多种动物物种证明的证据。重新评估了健康人群中的BDV患病率，这表明以前对此估计不足。还概述了金刚烷胺在体内和体外的抗病毒功效，重点是野生型（人和马）与实验室菌株。最后，对BDV与人类疾病相关性的利弊进行了严格的讨论，并与我们的数据和概念相关。本文支持BDV感染在特定人类精神疾病中的致病作用的现有相关证据，类似于已针对多种动物物种证明的证据。正如文献中详述的那样，对BDV与人类疾病的关系的利弊进行了严格的讨论，并与我们的数据和概念有关。本文支持BDV感染在特定人类精神疾病中的致病作用的现有相关证据，类似于已针对多种动物物种证明的证据。正如文献中详述的那样，对BDV与人类疾病的关系的利弊进行了严格的讨论，并与我们的数据和概念有关。本文支持BDV感染在特定人类精神疾病中的致病作用的现有相关证据，类似于已针对多种动物物种证明的证据。