Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus.

中文翻译：

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 副流感病毒。


人类副流感病毒 (HPIV) 于 20 世纪 50 年代末首次发现。在过去的十年中，人们积累了大量关于其分子结构和功能的知识。这导致这些病毒的命名和分类关系发生重大变化。 HPIV 根据遗传和抗原性分为 1 至 4 型。HPIV-4 的其他主要亚型（A 和 B）以及 HPIV-1 和 HPIV-3 的亚组/基因型已被描述。 HPIV-1 至 HPIV-3 是婴儿、幼儿、免疫功能低下者、慢性病患者和老年人下呼吸道感染的主要原因。每种亚型都可以在不同宿主中引起一些独特的临床疾病。 HPIV 有包膜，中等大小（150 至 250 nm），其 RNA 基因组呈负义。这些病毒属于副粘病毒科，是最大且增长最快的病毒群之一，可引起严重的人类和兽医疾病。 HPIV 与最近发现的巨粘病毒（亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒）和偏肺病毒密切相关。