In eukaryotes, the entwined pathways of RNA transport and local translational regulation are key determinants in the spatio-temporal articulation of gene expression. One of the main advantages of this mechanism over transcriptional control in the nucleus lies in the fact that it endows local sites with independent decision-making authority, a consideration that is of particular relevance in cells with complex cellular architecture such as neurons. Localized RNAs typically contain codes, expressed within cis-acting elements, that specify subcellular targeting. Such codes are recognized by trans-acting factors, adaptors that mediate translocation along cytoskeletal elements by molecular motors. Most transported mRNAs are assumed translationally dormant while en route. In some cell types, especially in neurons, it is considered crucial that translation remains repressed after arrival at the destination site (e.g., a postsynaptic microdomain) until an appropriate activation signal is received. Several candidate mechanisms have been suggested to participate in the local implementation of translational repression and activation, and such mechanisms may target translation at the level of initiation and/or elongation. Recent data indicate that untranslated RNAs may play important roles in the local control of translation.

中文翻译：

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RNA转运和翻译的局部控制。

在真核生物中，RNA转运和局部翻译调控的纠缠途径是基因表达时空表达的关键决定因素。该机制相对于细胞核中的转录控制的主要优势之一在于，它赋予了局部位点独立的决策权，这一考虑在具有复杂细胞结构的细胞（如神经元）中特别重要。定位的RNA通常包含在顺式作用元件中表达的指定亚细胞靶向的密码。这样的密码被反式作用因子识别，后者是通过分子马达介导沿细胞骨架元件移位的衔接子。假定大多数运输的mRNA在途中处于翻译休眠状态。在某些细胞类型中，尤其是在神经元中，至关重要的是，翻译在到达目的位点（例如突触后微区）后必须保持抑制，直到收到适当的激活信号为止。已经提出了几种候选机制参与翻译抑制和激活的局部实施，并且这种机制可以将翻译靶向于起始和/或延伸水平。最近的数据表明，未翻译的RNA可能在翻译的局部控制中起重要作用。并且这种机制可以将翻译靶向起始和/或延伸水平。最近的数据表明，未翻译的RNA可能在翻译的局部控制中起重要作用。并且这种机制可以将翻译靶向起始和/或延伸水平。最近的数据表明，未翻译的RNA可能在翻译的局部控制中起重要作用。