Growth hormone (GH) has long been known to stimulate linear growth and regulate metabolism. The cellular mechanism by which GH elicits these effects has only recently begun to be understood. This review provides an overview of a current model of GH signaling. Briefly, binding of GH to GH receptor induces receptor dimerization and activation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of GH receptor and JAK2 recruits and activates signaling molecules such as Stat transcription factors, SHC, and insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 that lead to the release of second messengers such as diacylglycerol, calcium, and nitric oxide and the activation of enzymes such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, phospholipase A2, and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. These pathways regulate cellular function including gene transcription, metabolite transport, and enzymatic activity that result in the ability of GH to control body growth and metabolism.

中文翻译：

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生长激素受体的信号传导机制。

长期以来，已知生长激素（GH）会刺激线性生长并调节新陈代谢。GH引起这些作用的细胞机制直到最近才开始被理解。这篇综述提供了GH信号传导当前模型的概述。简而言之，GH与GH受体的结合诱导受体二聚化和酪氨酸激酶JAK2的活化。GH受体和JAK2的酪氨酰磷酸化募集并激活信号分子（例如Stat转录因子，SHC和胰岛素受体底物1和2），这些信号分子导致释放第二信使（例如二酰基甘油，钙和一氧化氮）并激活诸如作为促分裂原活化蛋白激酶，蛋白激酶C，磷脂酶A2和磷脂酰肌醇3'激酶。这些途径调节细胞功能，包括基因转录，