This paper presents a study on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite that can be used to produce dental implants or serves as a replacement for other body hard tissues. The bioceramic material (hydroxyapatite) was derived from bovine bone samples after they were de-fatted and processed to produce particles measuring less than 250 μm. Processed bone powders were calcinated at 750℃ to obtain calcium phosphate compound (hydroxyapatite). This indicated complete elimination of the organic phase of the bone. The synthesized hydroxyapatite was physico-chemically characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydroxyapatite powder was sintered into a block and then characterized mechanically by measuring its hardness using a Rockwell hardness testing machine. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the sintered blocked specimens were studied. The average wettability of the substrate, which was a characteristic of the contact angle, was found to be approximately 31.73 degrees. This contact angle value is a measure of the material hydrophilicity. The biostability/corrosive resistance of the sintered samples was simulated in vitro in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) by incubating in an optical incubator shaker (set at 60 revolutions per minute) to mimic physiological conditions. The results showed that hydroxyapatite can be extracted economically from a natural source such as bovine bone and can be employed as a restorative biomaterial for dental implants and hard tissue replacement.

中文翻译：

---

用于生产牙种植体的牛骨羟基磷灰石的合成与表征

本文介绍了可用于生产牙科植入物或替代其他身体硬组织的羟基磷灰石的合成和表征研究。生物陶瓷材料（羟基磷灰石）取自牛骨样品，经过脱脂和加工，产生小于 250 μm 的颗粒。加工后的骨粉在750℃下煅烧得到磷酸钙化合物（羟基磷灰石）。这表明完全消除了骨的有机相。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对合成的羟基磷灰石进行物理化学表征。羟基磷灰石粉末被烧结成块，然后通过使用洛氏硬度测试机测量其硬度来进行机械表征。研究了烧结块样品的亲水性和疏水性。发现作为接触角特征的基材的平均润湿性约为31.73度。该接触角值是材料亲水性的量度。烧结样品的生物稳定性/耐腐蚀性在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液（pH 7.4）中通过在光学培养箱振荡器（设置为每分钟 60 转）中培养以模拟生理条件进行体外模拟。结果表明，羟基磷灰石可以从牛骨等天然来源经济地提取，并可用作牙科植入物和硬组织置换的修复生物材料。发现作为接触角特征的基材的平均润湿性约为31.73度。该接触角值是材料亲水性的量度。烧结样品的生物稳定性/耐腐蚀性在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液（pH 7.4）中通过在光学培养箱振荡器（设置为每分钟 60 转）中培养以模拟生理条件进行体外模拟。结果表明，羟基磷灰石可以从牛骨等天然来源经济地提取，并可用作牙科植入物和硬组织置换的修复生物材料。发现作为接触角特征的基材的平均润湿性约为31.73度。该接触角值是材料亲水性的量度。烧结样品的生物稳定性/耐腐蚀性在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液（pH 7.4）中通过在光学培养箱振荡器（设置为每分钟 60 转）中培养以模拟生理条件进行体外模拟。结果表明，羟基磷灰石可以从牛骨等天然来源经济地提取，并可用作牙科植入物和硬组织置换的修复生物材料。烧结样品的生物稳定性/耐腐蚀性在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液（pH 7.4）中通过在光学培养箱振荡器（设置为每分钟 60 转）中培养以模拟生理条件进行体外模拟。结果表明，羟基磷灰石可以从牛骨等天然来源经济地提取，并可用作牙科植入物和硬组织置换的修复生物材料。烧结样品的生物稳定性/耐腐蚀性在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液（pH 7.4）中通过在光学培养箱振荡器（设置为每分钟 60 转）中培养以模拟生理条件进行体外模拟。结果表明，羟基磷灰石可以从牛骨等天然来源经济地提取，并可用作牙科植入物和硬组织置换的修复生物材料。