Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth over the past few decades, as well as growing environmental pressures. The country is therefore pursuing strategies for green transformations, which are the processes of restructuring to bring economies and societies within the planetary boundaries. This article addresses the opportunities, barriers, and trade‐offs for green transformations in Vietnam's energy sector and examines them from an energy justice perspective. The article draws on in‐depths expert interviews with representatives from government agencies, private firms, academic institutions, and multilateral institutions in Vietnam. The article finds that Vietnam is undergoing efforts to move away from business as usual by promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency, as well as aligning energy and climate plans with national development priorities such as energy security and economic growth. Yet there is a need for more coordinated, integrated approaches and policies that span across the 3 areas that address green transformations in Vietnam: green growth, sustainable development, and climate change. Finally, although key actors seem to be aware and may be critical of major trade‐offs such as land grabs for energy projects, the impacts on affected people need to be better understood and mitigated.

中文翻译：

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越南能源行业的绿色转型。


过去几十年来，越南经济快速增长，但环境压力也日益加大。因此，该国正在推行绿色转型战略，这是使经济和社会符合地球边界的重组过程。本文探讨了越南能源行业绿色转型的机遇、障碍和权衡，并从能源正义的角度对其进行了研究。本文借鉴了对越南政府机构、私营企业、学术机构和多边机构代表的深入专家访谈。文章发现，越南正在努力摆脱一切照旧的做法，促进可再生能源和能源效率，并使能源和气候计划与能源安全和经济增长等国家发展优先事项保持一致。然而，越南需要在绿色增长、可持续发展和气候变化这三个领域采取更加协调、综合的方法和政策来解决越南的绿色转型问题。最后，尽管主要参与者似乎意识到并可能对能源项目征地等重大权衡持批评态度，但需要更好地理解和减轻对受影响人群的影响。