Human tissues are sophisticated ensembles of many distinct cell types embedded in the complex, but well-defined, structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dynamic biochemical, physicochemical, and mechano-structural changes in the ECM define and regulate tissue-specific cell behaviors. To recapitulate this complex environment in vitro, dynamic polymer-based biomaterials have emerged as powerful tools to probe and direct active changes in cell function. The rapid evolution of polymerization chemistries, structural modulation, and processing technologies, as well as the incorporation of stimuli-responsiveness, now permit synthetic microenvironments to capture much of the dynamic complexity of native tissue. These platforms are comprised not only of natural polymers chemically and molecularly similar to ECM, but those fully synthetic in origin. Here, we review recent in vitro efforts to mimic the dynamic microenvironment comprising native tissue ECM from the viewpoint of material design. We also discuss how these dynamic polymer-based biomaterials are being used in fundamental cell mechanobiology studies, as well as towards efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

中文翻译：

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用于组织工程和机械生物学的动态可调细胞培养平台。

人体组织是嵌入在细胞外基质 (ECM) 的复杂但定义明确的结构中的许多不同细胞类型的复杂集合。ECM 中的动态生化、物理化学和机械结构变化定义和调节组织特异性细胞行为。为了在体外重现这种复杂的环境，基于动态聚合物的生物材料已成为探测和指导细胞功能主动变化的有力工具。聚合化学、结构调节和加工技术的快速发展，以及刺激响应性的结合，现在允许合成微环境捕捉天然组织的大部分动态复杂性。这些平台不仅由化学和分子上与 ECM 相似的天然聚合物组成，而且由完全合成的来源组成。在这里，我们回顾了最近从材料设计的角度模拟包含天然组织 ECM 的动态微环境的体外努力。我们还讨论了这些基于动态聚合物的生物材料如何用于基础细胞力学生物学研究，以及在组织工程和再生医学方面的努力。