The varied effects of recent extreme weather events around the world exemplify the uneven impacts of climate change on populations, even within relatively small geographic regions. Differential human vulnerability to environmental hazards results from a range of social, economic, historical, and political factors, all of which operate at multiple scales. While adaptation to climate change has been the dominant focus of policy and research agendas, it is essential to ask as well why some communities and peoples are disproportionately exposed to and affected by climate threats. The cases and synthesis presented here are organized around four key themes (resource access, governance, culture, and knowledge), which we approach from four social science fields (cultural anthropology, archaeology, human geography, and sociology). Social scientific approaches to human vulnerability draw vital attention to the root causes of climate change threats and the reasons that people are forced to adapt to them. Because vulnerability is a multidimensional process rather than an unchanging state, a dynamic social approach to vulnerability is most likely to improve mitigation and adaptation planning efforts.

中文翻译：

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解释气候变化的不同脆弱性：社会科学评论。


最近世界各地极端天气事件的不同影响说明了气候变化对人口的影响不均匀，即使在相对较小的地理区域内也是如此。人类对环境危害的不同脆弱性是由一系列社会、经济、历史和政治因素造成的，所有这些因素都在多个层面上发挥作用。虽然适应气候变化一直是政策和研究议程的主要焦点，但也有必要问为什么一些社区和人民不成比例地遭受气候威胁和影响。这里介绍的案例和综合围绕四个关键主题（资源获取、治理、文化和知识）进行组织，我们从四个社会科学领域（文化人类学、考古学、人文地理学和社会学）进行研究。研究人类脆弱性的社会科学方法引起了对气候变化威胁的根本原因以及人们被迫适应这些威胁的原因的高度关注。由于脆弱性是一个多维过程而不是一个不变的状态，因此针对脆弱性的动态社会方法最有可能改善缓解和适应规划工作。