Flowers are ephemeral, yet bees rely on them for food throughout their lives. Floral resource phenology – which can be altered by changes in climate and land-use – is therefore key to bee fitness and community composition. Here, we discuss the interactions between floral resource phenology, bee foraging behaviour, and traits such as diet breadth, sociality, and body size. Recent research on bumble bees has examined behavioural responses to local floral turnover and effects of landscape-scale floral resource phenology on fitness, abundance, and foraging distances. Comparable studies are needed on non-social, pollen-specialist species. We also encourage greater use of information contained in museum collections on bee phenologies and floral hosts to test how phenology has shaped the evolution of bee–plant associations.

花是短暂的，但蜜蜂一生都依靠它们为食物。因此，可以通过气候和土地利用的变化而改变的花卉资源物候是蜜蜂健康和社区组成的关键。在这里，我们讨论了花卉资源物候，蜜蜂觅食行为以及诸如饮食广度，社交性和体型等特征之间的相互作用。最近关于大黄蜂的研究检查了对当地花卉更新的行为响应以及景观尺度花卉资源物候对适应性，丰度和觅食距离的影响。需要对非社会花粉专家物种进行可比的研究。我们还鼓励更多地使用博物馆藏品中有关蜂物候和花卉寄主的信息，以测试物候如何影响蜜蜂与植物之间的联系。