ZrO₂-NPs are widely applied in industry, biomedicine and dentistry, e.g., foundry sands, refractories, ceramics dental prostheses, dental implant coatings and bone defect restorative materials. To date, little information is available on the potential adverse effects and toxic mechanism in human organs associated with exposure to ZrO₂-NPs. The biodistribution of ZrO₂-NPs and the consequent oxidative stress in the spleen, kidney, heart, brain, and lung at six time points after a single injection of ZrO₂-NPs were examined. Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were also examined. RNA-Seq analysis was conducted in organs with high ZrO₂-NPs accumulations or obvious histopathological changes (brain and spleen). Exposure to the ZrO₂-NPs led to persistent oxidative stress and cell proliferation promotion/inhibition in various organs. RNA-Seq results of the spleen and brain point to significant gene expression changes. Metabolism was identified as leading pathways in the spleen. This study proves ZrO₂-NPs likely have negative impacts on various organs, and exhibit potential disease risks.

中文翻译：

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氧化锆纳米颗粒对大鼠静脉内给药后各器官的毒性。

ZrO 2 -NPs广泛应用于工业，生物医学和牙科领域，例如铸造砂，耐火材料，陶瓷义齿，牙科植入物涂层和骨缺损修复材料。迄今为止，几乎没有关于暴露于ZrO 2 -NPs对人体器官的潜在不良作用和毒性机理的信息。在单次注射ZrO 2 -NPs后的六个时间点，检查了ZrO 2 -NPs的生物分布以及在脾，肾，心脏，脑和肺中的氧化应激。还检查了组织病理学和免疫组织化学变化。RNA-Seq分析是在ZrO 2 -NP积累高或组织病理学改变明显（大脑和脾脏）的器官中进行的。ZrO 2 -NPs的暴露导致各种器官持续的氧化应激和细胞增殖促进/抑制。脾脏和大脑的RNA-Seq结果表明基因表达发生了明显变化。代谢被认为是脾脏的主要途径。这项研究证明ZrO 2 -NPs可能对各种器官产生负面影响，并显示出潜在的疾病风险。