Theories on motor skill acquisition predict that earlier learning stages require more attention, which should lead to higher cognitive-motor dual-task interference in novices as compared to experts. Expert and novice table tennis players returned balls from a ball machine while concurrently performing an auditory 3-back task (working memory). The groups did not differ in 3-back performance in the single task. Cognitive dual-task performance reductions were more pronounced in novices. A similar pattern emerged for the number of missed balls in table tennis, except that experts outperformed novices already in the single task. Experts consistently showed costs of about 10%, while novices showed costs between 30% and 50%. The findings indicate that performances of novices suffer considerably in motor-cognitive dual-task situations.

中文翻译：

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在苛刻的认知运动双重任务情况下，乒乓球专家的表现优于新手。

运动技能习得理论预测，较早的学习阶段需要更多的注意力，与专家相比，这将导致新手更高的认知-运动双任务干扰。专家级和新手乒乓球运动员在同时执行听觉三后卫任务（工作记忆）时，从发球机返回球。小组在一项任务中的三后卫表现没有差异。在新手中，认知双任务性能的降低更为明显。除了专家在单项任务中已经胜过新手之外，乒乓球中错过的球的数量也出现了类似的模式。专家始终显示出约10％的成本，而新手则显示出30％至50％的成本。研究结果表明，新手的表现在运动认知双任务情况下会受到很大的影响。