Most bacteria lack obvious compartmentation, i.e., structural partition of the cell into functional entities (organelles) formed by a closed biological membrane. Nevertheless, these organisms exhibit sophisticated regulation and interactions of their catabolic and anabolic pathways; they are able to exploit a great variety of carbon and energy sources, and they conserve and transform energy in an efficient manner. In a less stringent sense, 'compartments' are also present in bacteria if one accepts that bacterial 'compartments' are not necessarily surrounded by a membrane, but are rather defined as mere functional entities characterized by their structural components, their enzymes and other functional proteins such as binding proteins. This view would mean that the bacterial cell can be described as a highly organized structured system comprised of these functional entities. Regulated transport processes within 'compartments' and across boundaries involving low and high molecular mass compounds, solutes, and ions take place within the 'framework' constituted by this structured system. Special emphasis is given to the fact that many of the transport processes take place involving the functional entity 'energized membrane'. This 'framework', the structural basis for the functional potential of a bacterial cell, can be studied by electron microscopy. Advanced sample preparation techniques and imaging modes are available which keep the danger of artefact formation low; they can be applied at cellular and macromolecular levels. Recent developments in immunoelectron microscopy and affinity labelling techniques provide tools which allow to unequivocally locate enzymes and other antigens in the cell and to identify polypeptide chains in enzyme complexes. Application of these approaches in studies on cellular and macromolecular organization of bacteria and their enzyme systems confirmed some old views but also extended our knowledge. This is exemplified by a description of selected enzyme complexes located in the bacterial cytoplasm, in the cytoplasmic membrane or attached to it, in the periplasmic space, and attached to the cell wall or set free into the surrounding medium.

中文翻译：

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细菌细胞中功能和结构组织的原理：“区室”及其酶。

大多数细菌缺乏明显的区隔，即细胞的结构分配为由封闭的生物膜形成的功能实体（细胞器）。然而，这些生物表现出其分解代谢和合成代谢途径的复杂调控和相互作用。他们能够利用各种各样的碳和能源，并且可以有效地保存和转化能源。在不太严格的意义上，如果人们接受细菌“区室”不一定被膜包围，而是被定义为仅以其结构成分，酶和其他功能蛋白为特征的功能实体，“区室”也存在于细菌中。如结合蛋白。这种观点意味着细菌细胞可以描述为一个由这些功能实体组成的高度组织的结构化系统。在“小室”内以及跨边界的受规管的运输过程，涉及由该结构化系统构成的“框架”内发生的低，高分子量化合物，溶质和离子。特别强调以下事实：许多运输过程都涉及功能实体“激励膜”。可以通过电子显微镜研究这种“框架”，即细菌细胞功能潜能的结构基础。提供先进的样品制备技术和成像模式，可降低伪影形成的危险；它们可以在细胞和大分子水平上应用。免疫电子显微镜和亲和标记技术的最新发展提供了可明确定位细胞内酶和其他抗原并鉴定酶复合物中多肽链的工具。这些方法在细菌及其酶系统的细胞和大分子组织研究中的应用证实了一些古老观点，但也扩展了我们的知识。这通过描述位于细菌细胞质中，细胞质膜中或附着在其上，周质空间中，并附着于细胞壁或自由进入周围介质中的所选酶复合物的描述来举例说明。这些方法在细菌及其酶系统的细胞和大分子组织研究中的应用证实了一些古老观点，但也扩展了我们的知识。这通过描述位于细菌细胞质中，细胞质膜中或附着在其上，周质空间中，并附着于细胞壁或自由进入周围介质中的所选酶复合物的描述来举例说明。这些方法在细菌及其酶系统的细胞和大分子组织研究中的应用证实了一些古老观点，但也扩展了我们的知识。这通过描述位于细菌细胞质中，细胞质膜中或附着在其上，周质空间中，附着于细胞壁或自由进入周围介质中的所选酶复合物的描述来举例说明。