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47Sc as useful β--emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes.
EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-02 , DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0024-x
Katharina A Domnanich 1, 2 , Cristina Müller 3, 4 , Martina Benešová 3, 4 , Rugard Dressler 1 , Stephanie Haller 3 , Ulli Köster 5 , Bernard Ponsard 6 , Roger Schibli 3, 4 , Andreas Türler 1, 2 , Nicholas P van der Meulen 1, 3
Affiliation  

Radiotheragnostics makes use of the same molecular targeting vectors, labeled either with a diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclide, ideally of the same chemical element. The matched pair of scandium radionuclides, 44Sc and 47Sc, satisfies the desired physical aspects for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy, respectively. While the production and application of 44Sc was extensively studied, 47Sc is still in its infancy. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate and compare two different methods of 47Sc production, based on the neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca and 47Ti targets, respectively. 47Sc was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca targets via the 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca → 47Sc nuclear reaction and by fast neutron irradiation of 47Ti targets via the 47Ti(n,p)47Sc nuclear reaction, respectively. The product was compared with regard to yield and radionuclidic purity. The chemical separation of 47Sc was optimized in order to obtain a product of sufficient quality determined by labeling experiments using DOTANOC. Finally, preclinical SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice and compared with the PET image of the 44Sc labeled counterpart. Up to 2 GBq 47Sc was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca targets. The optimized chemical isolation of 47Sc from the target material allowed formulation of up to 1.5 GBq 47Sc with high radionuclidic purity (>99.99%) in a small volume (~700 μL) useful for labeling purposes. Three consecutive separations were possible by isolating the in-grown 47Sc from the 46/47Ca-containing fraction. 47Sc produced by fast neutron irradiated 47Ti targets resulted in a reduced radionuclidic purity (99.95–88.5%). The chemical purity of the separated 47Sc was determined by radiolabeling experiments using DOTANOC achievable at specific activities of 10 MBq/nmol. In vivo the 47Sc-DOTANOC performed equal to 44Sc-DOTANOC as determined by nuclear imaging. The production of 47Sc via the 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca nuclear reaction demonstrated significant advantages over the 47Ti production route, as it provided higher quantities of a radionuclidically pure product. The subsequent decay of 47Ca enabled the repeated separation of the 47Sc daughter nuclide from the 47Ca parent nuclide. Based on the results obtained from this work, 47Sc shows potential to be produced in suitable quality for clinical application.

中文翻译:

47Sc 作为放射治疗范式的有用 β-发射体:可行生产路线的比较研究。

放射治疗学使用相同的分子靶向载体,用诊断或治疗放射性核素标记,最好是相同的化学元素。配对的钪放射性核素 44Sc 和 47Sc 分别满足 PET 成像和放射性核素治疗所需的物理方面。虽然对 44Sc 的生产和应用进行了广泛研究,但 47Sc 仍处于起步阶段。因此,本研究的目的是研究和比较两种不同的 47Sc 生产方法,分别基于富集 46Ca 和 47Ti 靶材的中子辐照。47Sc 是通过 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca → 47Sc 核反应对富集的 46Ca 目标进行热中子辐照和通过 47Ti(n,p)47Sc 核反应对 47Ti 目标进行快中子辐照产生的,分别。比较产物的产率和放射性核素纯度。对 47Sc 的化学分离进行了优化,以获得通过使用 DOTANOC 的标记实验确定的足够质量的产品。最后,在荷瘤小鼠中进行临床前 SPECT/CT 实验,并与 44Sc 标记对应物的 PET 图像进行比较。通过富集 46Ca 靶的热中子辐照产生高达 2 GBq 47Sc。47Sc 与目​​标材料的优化化学分离允许在小体积 (~700 μL) 中配制高达 1.5 GBq 的 47Sc,具有高放射性核素纯度 (>99.99%),可用于标记目的。通过将向内生长的 47Sc 从含 46/47Ca 的部分中分离出来,可以实现三个连续的分离。由快中子辐照的 47Ti 靶产生的 47Sc 导致放射性核素纯度降低 (99.95–88.5%)。分离的 47Sc 的化学纯度是通过使用 DOTANOC 的放射性标记实验确定的,其比活度为 10 MBq/nmol。通过核成像确定,47Sc-DOTANOC 在体内的表现等同于 44Sc-DOTANOC。通过 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca 核反应生产 47Sc 与 47Ti 生产路线相比具有显着优势,因为它提供了更高数量的放射性核纯产品。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。分离的 47Sc 的化学纯度是通过使用 DOTANOC 的放射性标记实验确定的,其比活度为 10 MBq/nmol。通过核成像确定,47Sc-DOTANOC 在体内的表现等同于 44Sc-DOTANOC。通过 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca 核反应生产 47Sc 与 47Ti 生产路线相比具有显着优势,因为它提供了更高数量的放射性核纯产品。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。分离的 47Sc 的化学纯度是通过使用 DOTANOC 的放射性标记实验确定的,其比活度为 10 MBq/nmol。通过核成像确定,47Sc-DOTANOC 在体内的表现等同于 44Sc-DOTANOC。通过 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca 核反应生产 47Sc 与 47Ti 生产路线相比具有显着优势,因为它提供了更高数量的放射性核纯产品。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。通过核成像确定,47Sc-DOTANOC 在体内的表现等同于 44Sc-DOTANOC。通过 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca 核反应生产 47Sc 与 47Ti 生产路线相比具有显着优势,因为它提供了更高数量的放射性核纯产品。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。通过核成像确定,47Sc-DOTANOC 在体内的表现等同于 44Sc-DOTANOC。通过 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca 核反应生产 47Sc 与 47Ti 生产路线相比具有显着优势,因为它提供了更高数量的放射性核纯产品。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。随后的 47Ca 衰变使 47Sc 子核素与 47Ca 母核素重复分离。根据从这项工作中获得的结果,47Sc 显示出以适合临床应用的质量生产的潜力。
更新日期:2017-06-02
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