Purpose of Review

This paper reviews sea level contributions from land ice across the Arctic, including Greenland. We summarize ice loss measurement methods, ice loss mechanisms, and recent observations and projections, and highlight research advances over the last 3–5 years and remaining scientific challenges.

Recent Findings

Mass loss across the Arctic began to accelerate during the late twentieth century, with projections of continued loss across all future greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Recent research has improved knowledge of ice hydrology and surface processes, influences of atmospheric and oceanic changes on land ice, and boundary conditions such as subglacial topography. New computer models can also more accurately simulate glacier and ice sheet evolution.

Summary

Rapid Arctic ice loss is underway, and future ice loss and sea level rise are guaranteed. Research continues to better understand and model physical processes and to improve projections of ice loss rates, especially after 2050.

中文翻译：

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海洋上升是必然的：北极陆地冰损失和海平面上升。

审查目的

本文回顾了包括格陵兰岛在内的整个北极陆地冰对海平面的贡献。我们总结了冰损失测量方法、冰损失机制以及最近的观察和预测，并重点介绍了过去 3-5 年的研究进展和仍然存在的科学挑战。

最近的发现

二十世纪末，整个北极地区的质量损失开始加速，预计未来所有温室气体排放情景中的质量损失都会持续下去。最近的研究提高了人们对冰水文学和表面过程、大气和海洋变化对陆地冰的影响以及冰下地形等边界条件的了解。新的计算机模型还可以更准确地模拟冰川和冰盖的演化。

概括

北极冰层正在快速流失，未来的冰层流失和海平面上升是必然的。研究仍在继续，以更好地理解物理过程并对其进行建模，并改进对冰损失率的预测，特别是在 2050 年之后。