How the growing world population can feed itself is a crucial, multi-dimensional problem that goes beyond sustainable development. Crop production will be affected by many changes in its climatic, agronomic, economic, and societal contexts. Therefore, breeders are challenged to produce cultivars that strengthen both ecological and societal resilience by striving for six international sustainability targets: food security, safety and quality; food and seed sovereignty; social justice; agrobiodiversity; ecosystem services; and climate robustness. Against this background, we review the state of the art in plant breeding by distinguishing four paradigmatic orientations that currently co-exist: community-based breeding, ecosystem-based breeding, trait-based breeding, and corporate-based breeding, analyzing differences among these orientations. Our main findings are: (1) all four orientations have significant value but none alone will achieve all six sustainability targets; (2) therefore, an overarching approach is needed: “systems-based breeding,” an orientation with the potential to synergize the strengths of the ways of thinking in the current paradigmatic orientations; (3) achieving that requires specific knowledge development and integration, a multitude of suitable breeding strategies and tools, and entrepreneurship, but also a change in attitude based on corporate responsibility, circular economy and true-cost accounting, and fair and green policies. We conclude that systems-based breeding can create strong interactions between all system components. While seeds are part of the common good and the basis of agrobiodiversity, a diversity in breeding approaches, based on different entrepreneurial approaches, can also be considered part of the required agrobiodiversity. To enable systems-based breeding to play a major role in creating sustainable agriculture, a shared sense of urgency is needed to realize the required changes in breeding approaches, institutions, regulations and protocols. Based on this concept of systems-based breeding, there are opportunities for breeders to play an active role in the development of an ecologically and societally resilient, sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

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通过基于系统的植物育种实现恢复力。回顾。

不断增长的世界人口如何养活自己是一个超越可持续发展范畴的至关重要的多层面问题。农作物生产将受到气候、农艺、经济和社会环境的许多变化的影响。因此，育种者面临的挑战是通过努力实现六项国际可持续发展目标来培育能够增强生态和社会复原力的品种：粮食安全、安全和质量；粮食和种子主权；社会正义; 农业生物多样性；生态系统服务；和气候稳健性。在此背景下，我们通过区分当前共存的四种范式方向来回顾植物育种的最新技术：基于社区的育种、基于生态系统的育种、基于性状的育种和基于企业的育种，并分析它们之间的差异。方向。我们的主要发现是：（1）所有四个方向都具有重大价值，但单独一个方向无法实现所有六个可持续发展目标；（2）因此，需要一种总体方法：“基于系统的育种”，这种方向有可能在当前范式方向上协同思维方式的优势；(3) 实现这一目标需要具体的知识开发和整合、多种合适的育种策略和工具以及创业精神，而且还需要基于企业责任、循环经济和真实成本核算以及公平和绿色政策的态度转变。我们的结论是，基于系统的育种可以在所有系统组成部分之间建立强大的相互作用。虽然种子是共同利益的一部分，也是农业生物多样性的基础，但基于不同创业方法的育种方法多样性也可以被视为所需农业生物多样性的一部分。为了使基于系统的育种在创建可持续农业中发挥重要作用，需要有共同的紧迫感，以实现育种方法、机构、法规和协议方面所需的改变。基于这种系统育种的概念，育种者有机会在发展具有生态和社会弹性的可持续农业中发挥积极作用。