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Human Paleoneurology and the Evolution of the Parietal Cortex.
Brain, Behavior and Evolution ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-14 , DOI: 10.1159/000488889
Emiliano Bruner

Paleoneurology deals with the study of brain anatomy in fossil species, as inferred from the morphology of their endocranial features. When compared with other living and extinct hominids, Homo sapiens is characterized by larger parietal bones and, according to the paleoneurological evidence, also by larger parietal lobes. The dorsal elements of the posterior parietal cortex (superior parietal lobules, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus) may be involved in these morphological changes. This parietal expansion was also associated with an increase in the corresponding vascular networks, and possibly with increased heat loads. Only H. sapiens has a specific early ontogenetic stage in which brain form achieves such globular appearance. In adult modern humans, the precuneus displays remarkable variation, being largely responsible for the longitudinal parietal size. The precuneus is also much more expanded in modern humans than in chimpanzees. Parietal expansion is not influenced by brain size in fossil hominids or living primates. Therefore, our larger parietal cortex must be interpreted as a derived feature. Spatial models suggest that the dorsal and anterior areas of the precuneus might be involved in these derived morphological variations. These areas are crucial for visuospatial integration, and are sensitive to both genetic and environmental influences. This article reviews almost 20 years of my collaborations on human parietal lobe evolution, integrating functional craniology, paleoneurology, and evolutionary neuroanatomy.

中文翻译:

人类古生物学与顶叶皮层的进化。

从其颅内特征的形态学推断,古生物学致力于化石物种的大脑解剖学研究。与其他活着的和灭绝的原始人相比,智人的特征是顶骨较大,根据古生物学的证据,顶叶也较大。顶叶后皮质的背侧元素(顶叶小叶,前突和顶内沟)可能与这些形态学改变有关。这种壁的扩张还与相应血管网络的增加有关,并且可能与热负荷增加有关。仅智人具有特定的早期个体发育阶段,在该阶段中脑部形式达到了这种球状外观。在成年现代人中,足前突显示出明显的变异,主要负责纵向壁的大小。与黑猩猩相比,现代人的先兆神经也得到了更大的扩展。化石原始人或活灵长类动物的顶头大小不受大脑大小的影响。因此,我们较大的顶叶皮质必须被解释为派生特征。空间模型表明,前胎的背侧和前侧可能参与了这些衍生的形态变异。这些区域对于视觉空间整合至关重要,并且对遗传和环境影响都很敏感。本文回顾了我近20年在人类顶叶进化方面的合作,整合了功能性颅骨学,古神经病学和进化神经解剖学。化石原始人或活灵长类动物的顶头大小不受大脑大小的影响。因此,我们较大的顶叶皮质必须被解释为派生特征。空间模型表明,前胎的背侧和前侧可能参与了这些衍生的形态变异。这些区域对于视觉空间整合至关重要,并且对遗传和环境影响都很敏感。本文回顾了我近20年在人类顶叶进化方面的合作,整合了功能性颅骨学,古神经病学和进化神经解剖学。化石原始人或活灵长类动物的顶头大小不受大脑大小的影响。因此,我们较大的顶叶皮质必须被解释为派生特征。空间模型表明,前额神经的前部和后部可能参与了这些衍生的形态学变化。这些区域对于视觉空间整合至关重要,并且对遗传和环境影响都很敏感。本文回顾了我近20年在人类顶叶进化方面的合作,整合了功能性颅骨学,古神经病学和进化神经解剖学。空间模型表明,前胎的背侧和前侧可能参与了这些衍生的形态变异。这些区域对于视觉空间整合至关重要,并且对遗传和环境影响都很敏感。本文回顾了我近20年在人类顶叶进化方面的合作,整合了功能性颅骨学,古神经病学和进化神经解剖学。空间模型表明,前胎的背侧和前侧可能参与了这些衍生的形态变异。这些区域对于视觉空间整合至关重要,并且对遗传和环境影响都很敏感。本文回顾了我近20年在人类顶叶进化方面的合作,整合了功能性颅骨学,古神经病学和进化神经解剖学。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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