Bacteria are ubiquitous in the bovine uterus after parturition, but 50 years ago, cows tolerated these bacteria and few animals developed uterine disease. Now, up to 40% of dairy cattle develop postpartum uterine disease. Uterine disease causes infertility by compromising the function of not only the endometrium but also the ovary. Animals defend themselves against pathogens using tolerance and resistance mechanisms. Tolerance is the ability to limit the disease severity induced by a given pathogen burden. Resistance is the ability to limit the pathogen burden and is usually the function of immunity. Endometrial cells contribute to tolerance and have roles in innate immunity and the inflammatory response to pathogens. However, failures in endometrial tolerance and the character of the inflammatory response shape postpartum uterine disease. We propose that uterine health is more dependent on the ability of the endometrium to tolerate pathogens than the ability to resist invading bacteria.

中文翻译：

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耐受性和先天免疫影响产后子宫疾病的发展和奶牛子宫内膜炎的影响。

细菌在分娩后的牛子宫中无处不在，但 50 年前，奶牛耐受这些细菌，很少有动物患上子宫疾病。现在，高达 40% 的奶牛会患上产后子宫疾病。子宫疾病不仅会损害子宫内膜的功能，还会损害卵巢的功能，从而导致不孕症。动物使用耐受性和抗性机制保护自己免受病原体的侵害。耐受性是限制由给定病原体负担引起的疾病严重程度的能力。抗性是限制病原体负担的能力，通常是免疫的功能。子宫内膜细胞有助于耐受，并在先天免疫和对病原体的炎症反应中发挥作用。然而，子宫内膜耐受的失败和炎症反应的特征塑造了产后子宫疾病。