In vertebrates, sex organs are generally specialized to perform a male or female reproductive role. Acquisition of the Müllerian duct, which gives rise to the oviduct, together with emergence of the Amh/Amhr2 system favored evolution of viviparity in jawed vertebrates. Species with high sex-specific reproductive adaptations have less potential to sex reverse, making intersex a nonfunctional condition. Teleosts, the only vertebrate group in which hermaphroditism evolved as a natural reproductive strategy, lost the Müllerian duct during evolution. They developed for gamete release complete independence from the urinary system, creating optimal anatomic and developmental preconditions for physiological sex change. The common and probably ancestral role of Amh is related to survival and proliferation of germ cells in early and adult gonads of both sexes rather than induction of Müllerian duct regression. The relationship between germ cell maintenance and sex differentiation is most evident in species in which Amh became the master male sex-determining gene.

中文翻译：

---

脊椎动物中的两性，雌雄同体和性腺可塑性：苗勒管和Amh / Amhr2信号的演变。

在脊椎动物中，性器官通常被专门用来执行雄性或雌性生殖作用。收购产生毛管的缪勒氏管，以及Amh / Amhr2系统的出现，有利于颌骨脊椎动物的胎生。具有高性别特异性生殖适应能力的物种发生性逆转的可能性较小，从而使两性成为一种非功能性疾病。硬骨鱼类是雌雄同体作为自然繁殖策略进化的唯一脊椎动物群体，在进化过程中失去了苗勒氏管。他们为配子的释放开发了完全独立于泌尿系统的方法，为生理性改变创造了最佳的解剖和发育前提。Amh的共同作用（也许是祖传作用）与生殖细胞在两性的早期和成年性腺中的存活和增殖有关，而不是与Müllerian导管退化有关。生殖细胞维持与性别分化之间的关系在Amh成为主要的男性性别决定基因的物种中最为明显。