Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and relapsing heterogenous autoimmune disease that primarily affects women of reproductive age. Genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and susceptibility genes have recently been identified. However, as gene therapy is far from clinical application, further investigation of environmental risk factors could reveal important therapeutic approaches. We systematically explored two groups of environmental risk factors: chemicals (including silica, solvents, pesticides, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and particulate matter) and drugs (including procainamide, hydralazine, quinidine, Dpenicillamine, isoniazid, and methyldopa). Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying risk factors, such as genetic factors, epigenetic change, and disrupted immune tolerance, were explored. This review identifies novel risk factors and their underlying mechanisms. Practicable measures for the management of these risk factors will benefit SLE patients and provide potential therapeutic strategies.

系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种慢性复发性异源性自身免疫性疾病，主要影响育龄妇女。遗传和环境危险因素与SLE的发病机制有关，最近已确定了易感基因。但是，由于基因治疗远非临床应用，对环境危险因素的进一步研究可能会揭示重要的治疗方法。我们系统地探讨了两类环境风险因素：化学品（包括二氧化硅，溶剂，农药，碳氢化合物，重金属和颗粒物）和药物（包括普鲁卡因胺，肼苯哒嗪，奎尼丁，青霉胺，异烟肼和甲基多巴）。此外，还探讨了潜在风险因素的机制，例如遗传因素，表观遗传变化和免疫耐受中断。这项审查确定新的风险因素及其潜在的机制。处理这些危险因素的可行措施将使SLE患者受益，并提供潜在的治疗策略。