Intensive agricultural practices resulting in large scale habitat loss ranks as the top contributing factors in the global bee decline. Growing Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant (GMHT) crops as large monocultures has resulted extensive applications of herbicides leading to the degradation of natural habitats surrounding farmlands. Herbicide tolerance trait is beneficial for crops such as Canola (Brassica napus) that are extremely vulnerable to weed competition. While the trait in itself does not harm pollinators, growing genetically modified herbicide tolerant cultivars indirectly contributes towards pollinator declines through habitat loss. Canola, a mass-flowering crop is highly attractive to bee pollinators and the extensive adoption of the herbicide tolerant trait has led to depletion of non-crop floral resources. Extensive use of herbicide in and near fields with herbicide tolerant cultivars systematically eliminates semi-natural habitats around agricultural fields which consist of non-crop flowering plants. Planting pollinator strips provides floral resources for bees after crop flowering. We document the bee genera in canola and the adjoining pollinator strip. The overlap in bee genera reinforces the importance of pollinator habitats in agricultural landscape.

中文翻译：

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转基因油菜田中的蜜蜂属、多样性和丰度。


集约化农业实践导致栖息地大规模丧失，是全球蜜蜂数量减少的首要因素。大规模单一种植转基因耐除草剂（GMHT）作物导致除草剂的广泛使用，导致农田周围自然栖息地的退化。除草剂耐受性特征对于极易受到杂草竞争的油菜籽（甘蓝型油菜）等作物是有益的。虽然这一性状本身不会伤害传粉媒介，但种植耐除草剂的转基因品种会因栖息地丧失而间接导致传粉媒介减少。双低油菜籽是一种大量开花的作物，对蜜蜂传粉者极具吸引力，其耐除草剂性状的广泛采用导致了非作物花卉资源的枯竭。在耐除草剂品种的田地及其附近广泛使用除草剂，系统地消除了由非农作物开花植物组成的农田周围的半自然栖息地。种植传粉媒介带可为作物开花后的蜜蜂提供花卉资源。我们记录了油菜籽和邻近授粉媒介带中的蜂属。蜂属的重叠强化了传粉媒介栖息地在农业景观中的重要性。