miRNAs play an important role in fine-tuning host immune homeostasis and responses through the regulation of mRNA stability and translation. Studies have demonstrated that miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression has a profound impact on immune cell development, function, and response to invading pathogens. As we continue to examine the mechanisms by which miRNAs maintain the balance between robust protective host immune responses and dysregulated responses that promote immune pathology, careful consideration of the complexity of post-transcriptional immune regulation is needed. Distinct tissue- and stimulus-specific RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions can modulate the functions of a given miRNA. Thus, new challenges emerge in the identification of post-transcriptional coregulatory modules and the genetic factors that impact miRNA function.

中文翻译：

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重新评估定义miRNA的免疫调节作用的策略。

miRNA通过调节mRNA的稳定性和翻译在调节宿主免疫稳态和应答中起重要作用。研究表明，miRNA介导的基因表达调节对免疫细胞的发育，功能以及对入侵病原体的反应具有深远的影响。随着我们继续研究miRNA维持强大的保护性宿主免疫反应与失调的反应（促进免疫病理反应）之间保持平衡的机制，需要仔细考虑转录后免疫调控的复杂性。不同的组织和刺激特异性RNA-RNA和RNA-蛋白质相互作用可以调节给定miRNA的功能。因此，在识别转录后核心调控模块和影响miRNA功能的遗传因素方面出现了新的挑战。