Background: Evidence links Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a neurotropic parasite, with schizophrenia, mood disorders and suicidal behavior, all of which are associated and exacerbated by disrupted sleep. Moreover, low-grade immune activation and dopaminergic overstimulation, which are consequences of T. gondii infection, could alter sleep patterns and duration. Methods: Sleep data on 833 Amish participants [mean age (SD) = 44.28 (16.99) years; 59.06% women] were obtained via self-reported questionnaires that assessed sleep problems, duration and timing. T. gondii IgG was measured with ELISA. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions and linear mixed models, with adjustment for age, sex and family structure. Results: T. gondii seropositives reported less sleep problems (p < 0.005) and less daytime problems due to poor sleep (p < 0.005). Higher T. gondii titers were associated with longer sleep duration (p < 0.05), earlier bedtime (p < 0.005) and earlier mid-sleep time (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems unlikely that sleep mediates the previously reported associations between T. gondii and mental illness. Future longitudinal studies with objective measures are necessary to replicate our findings.

中文翻译：

---

刚地弓形虫 IgG 与睡醒问题、睡眠时间和时间的关联

背景：有证据表明，弓形虫（T. gondii）是一种嗜神经性寄生虫，与精神分裂症、情绪障碍和自杀行为有关，所有这些都因睡眠中断而加剧。此外，弓形虫感染的后果是低度免疫激活和多巴胺能过度刺激，可能会改变睡眠模式和持续时间。方法：833 名阿米什参与者的睡眠数据 [平均年龄 (SD) = 44.28 (16.99) 岁；59.06% 的女性]是通过评估睡眠问题、持续时间和时间的自我报告问卷获得的。用 ELISA 测量弓形虫 IgG。使用多变量逻辑回归和线性混合模型分析数据，并调整年龄、性别和家庭结构。结果：T. gondii 血清阳性报告的睡眠问题较少（p < 0. 005) 以及由于睡眠不佳导致的白天问题较少 (p < 0.005)。较高的弓形虫滴度与较长的睡眠时间 (p < 0.05)、较早的就寝时间 (p < 0.005) 和较早的中期睡眠时间 (p < 0.05) 相关。结论：睡眠似乎不太可能介导先前报道的弓形虫与精神疾病之间的关联。未来有必要进行客观测量的纵向研究来复制我们的研究结果。