Composite materials were created for usage as reinforcement and to protect the building envelope based on today's global conditions such as climate change. Composite materials were manufactured using phenol-formaldehyde resin (case of resol) as a matrix, carbon fiber as reinforcement (7.5%v/v), and perlite (10%w/w) as a low thermal conductivity component, to combine high mechanical properties with good heat resistance and good thermal insulation properties. The structure of these new materials was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis (SEM-EDS). The addition of perlite (10%w/w) in the resite matrix (without fibers) increased the flexural and shear strength of the composite materials. On the other hand, the composite materials with fiber reinforcement show that the perlite reduces the flexural and shear strength due to the additional interfaces which were created. During heat treatment at 473 K, carbon fibers had the smallest weight loss followed by perlite while the resite matrix (i.e., the cured resol) shows the greatest weight loss. It is noted that the role of perlite is to stabilize the mass of the resite matrix during heat treatment. The composite material with carbon fibers and perlite is a heat-resistant material with only 2% weight loss at 473 K for 1 hour and shows a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, making it a new material in the direction of heat-insulating materials.

中文翻译：

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用于建筑遗产保护的基于酚醛树脂-碳纤维-珍珠岩的耐热和隔热新型复合材料的制备和表征

根据当今的全球条件（如气候变化），复合材料被用作加固和保护建筑围护结构。复合材料采用酚醛树脂（甲阶酚醛树脂）作为基体，碳纤维作为增强材料（7.5%v/v），珍珠岩（10%w/w）作为低导热成分，结合高机械强度具有良好的耐热性和良好的隔热性能。这些新材料的结构通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和元素分析 (SEM-EDS) 进行了检查。珍珠岩（10%w/w）添加到矿基基质（不含纤维）中提高了复合材料的弯曲和剪切强度。另一方面，具有纤维增强的复合材料表明，珍珠岩由于产生了额外的界面而降低了弯曲和剪切强度。在 473 K 的热处理过程中，碳纤维的重量损失最小，其次是珍珠岩，而树脂基体（即固化的甲阶酚醛树脂）的重量损失最大。注意到珍珠岩的作用是在热处理过程中稳定残余物基体的质量。碳纤维与珍珠岩的复合材料是一种耐热材料，在473 K下1小时失重仅2%，导热系数低，是隔热材料方向的新型材料。碳纤维的重量损失最小，其次是珍珠岩，而树脂基体（即固化的甲阶酚醛树脂）的重量损失最大。注意到珍珠岩的作用是在热处理过程中稳定残余物基体的质量。碳纤维与珍珠岩的复合材料是一种耐热材料，在473 K下1小时失重仅2%，导热系数低，是隔热材料方向的新型材料。碳纤维的重量损失最小，其次是珍珠岩，而树脂基体（即固化的甲阶酚醛树脂）的重量损失最大。注意到珍珠岩的作用是在热处理过程中稳定残余物基体的质量。碳纤维与珍珠岩的复合材料是一种耐热材料，在473 K下1小时失重仅2%，导热系数低，是隔热材料方向的新型材料。