Background Many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display motor deficiencies during their daily routine, which may have impact on their developmental course. Children with ADHD who experience motor deficiencies often display deficits in tasks requiring movements, such as handwriting. Aim This study investigated deficiencies in fine motor skills in primary school children with ADHD. The study further sought to establish whether ADHD subtypes differ in deficiencies of fine motor performance, recorded for both the dominant and non-dominant hands. Methods The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, completed by educators and parents, was used to screen for ADHD symptoms. Researchers confirmed the diagnosis of ADHD. Motor functioning was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard and Maze Coordination. The children diagnosed with ADHD were matched for age and gender with controls without ADHD. The sample consisted of an ADHD group (160) and control group (160) of primary school children from the Moletjie area. Results Children with ADHD (predominantly inattentive subtype) and ADHD (combined subtype) performed significantly more poorly than the control group on the Grooved Pegboard (p < 0.05) with both the dominant and non-dominant hand. No significant difference between the hyperactivity and impulsiveness subtype and the controls were found. There was no difference on the Maze Coordination Task (p > 0.05) between the ADHD subtypes and the controls. Conclusion Difficulties in fine motor skills are prevalent in children with ADHD, particularly in the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C. Problems are encountered in distal, complex, speeded tasks. The effect may lead to poor handwriting and academic performance.

中文翻译：

---

小学生的精细运动缺陷和注意力缺陷多动障碍。

背景 许多患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童在日常生活中表现出运动缺陷，这可能会影响他们的发育过程。患有运动缺陷的多动症儿童通常在需要运动的任务中表现出缺陷，例如手写。目的 本研究调查多动症小学生精细运动技能的缺陷。该研究进一步试图确定 ADHD 亚型在精细运动表现缺陷方面是否存在差异，记录了惯用手和非惯用手。方法 由教育工作者和家长完成的破坏性行为障碍评定量表用于筛查 ADHD 症状。研究人员证实了多动症的诊断。使用 Grooved Pegboard 和 Maze Coordination 评估运动功能。被诊断患有多动症的儿童的年龄和性别与没有多动症的对照组相匹配。样本由来自 Moletjie 地区的小学生组成的 ADHD 组 (160) 和对照组 (160)。结果 患有多动症（主要是注意力不集中的亚型）和多动症（组合亚型）的儿童在使用优势手和非优势手的凹槽钉板上的表现明显低于对照组 (p < 0.05)。发现多动和冲动亚型与对照组之间没有显着差异。ADHD 亚型和对照组之间的迷宫协调任务没有差异 (p > 0.05)。结论 精细运动技能困难在 ADHD 儿童中普遍存在，尤其是 ADHD-PI 和 ADHD-C。在远端、复杂、快速的任务中会遇到问题。