Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively explored in bone tissue engineering, only few studies using mesenchymal stem cells from mandible (M-MSCs) have been reported. However, mesenchymal stem cells from mandible have the potential to be as effective as femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells (F-MSCs) in regenerating bone, especially in the orofacial regions, which share embryonic origin, proximity, and accessibility. M-MSCs were isolated and characterized using mesenchymal stem cell-specific markers, colony forming assay, and multi-potential differentiation. In vitro osteogenic potential, including proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization, was examined and compared. Furthermore, in vivo bone formations of F-MSCs and M-MSCs in rat critical sized defect were evaluated using microCT and histology. M-MSCs from rat could be successfully isolated and expanded while preserving their MSC's characteristics. M-MSCs demonstrated a comparable proliferation and mineralization potentials and in vivo bone formation as F-MSCs. M-MSCs is a promising cell source candidate for craniofacial bone tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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大鼠下颌骨间充质干细胞成骨的潜力，可再生出临界大小的颅骨缺损。

尽管在骨组织工程中已经广泛探索了骨髓来源的间充质干细胞（MSC），但仅报道了很少有使用下颌骨间充质干细胞（M-MSC）的研究。但是，下颌骨的间充质干细胞在再生骨骼方面，特别是在具有胚胎起源，邻近性和可及性的口面部区域，具有与股骨来源的间充质干细胞（F-MSC）一样有效的潜力。使用间充质干细胞特异性标记物，集落形成测定法和多能分化法对M-MSC进行分离和鉴定。检查并比较了体外成骨潜力，包括增殖，成骨基因表达，碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化作用。此外，使用microCT和组织学评估大鼠临界大小缺损中F-MSC和M-MSC的体内骨形成。可以成功分离并扩增大鼠的M-MSC，同时保留其MSC的特征。M-MSCs具有与F-MSCs相当的增殖和矿化潜力以及体内骨骼形成。M-MSCs是颅面骨组织工程的有希望的细胞来源候选人。