In his insightful review, Eugene V. Koonin discusses various aspects of CRISPR-Cas systems with a strong focus on their qualities as "adaptive (acquired) immune systems"(Koonin 2018, 3). The CRISPR-Cas system is most famous for its application as a gene-editing tool. Koonin provides a deeper insight into its biological function in bacteria, which is to immunize the cell against parasite DNA. I shall comment on one issue discussed in the text, in two steps. First, I shall elaborate on CRISPR-Cas systems and their supposed Lamarckian character. Criteria for calling biological phenomena genuinely Lamarckian will be narrowed down and then applied to the CRISPR-Cas system, considering interference-driven spacer acquisition (IDSA) as an instantiation of a truly Lamarckian paradigm. Second, I shall consider whether Lamarckian and "canonical" instances of inheritance are a case of theoretical pluralism, being two non-reducible, yet interconnected paradigms.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR-Cas 系统的使用/废弃范例

在他富有洞察力的评论中，Eugene V. Koonin 讨论了 CRISPR-Cas 系统的各个方面，重点关注其作为“适应性（获得性）免疫系统”的品质（Koonin 2018，3）。CRISPR-Cas系统以其作为基因编辑工具的应用而闻名。Koonin 提供了对其在细菌中的生物学功能的更深入的了解，即使细胞对寄生虫 DNA 产生免疫。我将分两步对文中讨论的一个问题进行评论。首先，我将详细阐述 CRISPR-Cas 系统及其假定的拉马克特征。将干扰驱动的间隔区获取 (IDSA) 视为真正拉马克范式的实例，将缩小称为真正拉马克范式的生物现象的标准，然后应用于 CRISPR-Cas 系统。其次，我将考虑拉马克的继承实例和“规范”继承实例是否是理论多元主义的一个例子，是两个不可简化但相互关联的范式。