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Cytokines and male infertility.
European Cytokine Network ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-15 , DOI: 10.1684/ecn.2018.0412
Vassiliki Syriou 1 , Dimitrios Papanikolaou 2 , Ariadni Kozyraki 3 , Dimitrios G Goulis 4
Affiliation  

Many male infertility cases have no apparent cause, being characterized as idiopathic. Both inflammation and obesity have long been associated with infertility. On one hand, inflammation, such as orchitis and male accessory gland infections (MAGIs), are regulated by inflammatory cytokines. The latter are also produced in the testis by Leydig and Sertoli cells, being associated with gap junctional communication at the blood–testis barrier. Furthermore, they regulate spermatogenesis through cell interaction, Toll-like receptors and production of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, they affect testosterone production, acting at many levels of the pituitary - gonadal axis. Any imbalance in their production may result in infertility. On the other hand, obesity has also been associated with infertility. Adipokines, cytokines produced by white adipose tissue, regulate the lipid and glucose metabolism and the inflammatory system. Recent data on leptin show that it regulates reproduction by adjusting hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal axis at both the central and peripheral levels. In this regard, resistin, visfatin and the GH secretagogue peptic hormone ghrelin affect spermatogenesis, whereas data on adiponectin are rather scarce. In conclusion, inflammatory cytokines and adipokines seem to have a pivotal role in the regulation of spermatogenesis; any imbalance in this stable environment may lead to infertility. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to clarify their exact role.

中文翻译:

细胞因子和男性不育。

许多男性不育病例没有明显原因,其特征是特发性。长期以来,炎症和肥胖都与不育有关。一方面,炎症,例如睾丸炎和男性副腺感染(MAGI),是由炎症细胞因子调节的。后者也由睾丸间质细胞和睾丸间质细胞产生,与血液-睾丸屏障的间隙连接通讯有关。此外,它们通过细胞相互作用,Toll样受体和活性氧的产生来调节生精。此外,它们影响睾丸激素的产生,作用于垂体-性腺轴的许多水平。生产中的任何不平衡都可能导致不孕。另一方面,肥胖也与不孕症有关。脂肪因子 白色脂肪组织产生的细胞因子,调节脂质和葡萄糖的代谢以及炎症系统。关于瘦蛋白的最新数据表明,它通过调节中下水平的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴来调节生殖。在这方面,抵抗素,visfatin和GH促分泌素消化激素ghrelin影响精子发生,而有关脂连蛋白的数据却很少。总之,炎性细胞因子和脂肪因子似乎在精子发生的调节中起着关键作用。在这种稳定环境中的任何不平衡都可能导致不孕。尽管如此,仍需要进一步研究以阐明其确切作用。关于瘦蛋白的最新数据表明,它通过调节中下水平的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴来调节生殖。在这方面,抵抗素,visfatin和GH促分泌素消化激素ghrelin影响精子发生,而有关脂连蛋白的数据却很少。总之,炎性细胞因子和脂肪因子似乎在精子发生的调节中起着关键作用。在这种稳定环境中的任何不平衡都可能导致不孕。尽管如此,仍需要进一步研究以阐明其确切作用。关于瘦蛋白的最新数据表明,它通过调节中下水平的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴来调节生殖。在这方面,抵抗素,visfatin和GH促分泌素消化激素ghrelin影响精子发生,而有关脂连蛋白的数据却很少。总之,炎性细胞因子和脂肪因子似乎在精子发生的调节中起着关键作用。在这种稳定环境中的任何不平衡都可能导致不孕。尽管如此,仍需要进一步研究以阐明其确切作用。炎性细胞因子和脂肪因子似乎在精子发生的调节中起关键作用。在这种稳定环境中的任何不平衡都可能导致不孕。尽管如此,仍需要进一步研究以阐明其确切作用。炎性细胞因子和脂肪因子似乎在精子发生的调节中起关键作用。在这种稳定环境中的任何不平衡都可能导致不孕。尽管如此,仍需要进一步研究以阐明其确切作用。
更新日期:2019-01-15
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