INTRODUCTION A growing number of publications report variation in the distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) at different geographic scales. A review of these variations may help inform policy and health service organisation. AIM To review studies reporting variation in the geographic distribution of CMRFs and its association with various proxy measures of area-level socioeconomic disadvantage (ASED) among the adult ( ≥ 18 years) population across the world. METHODS A systematic search for published articles was conducted in four databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) considering the interdisciplinary nature of the review question. Population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies on geographic variations of one or more biological proxies of CMRFs with/without an analysed contextual association with ASED were included. Two independent reviewers screened the studies and PRISMA guidelines were followed in the study selection and reporting. RESULT A total of 265 studies were retrieved and screened, resulting in 24 eligible studies. The review revealed reports of variation in the distribution of CMRFs, at varying geographic scales, in multiple countries. In addition, consistent associations between ASED and higher prevalence of CMRFs were demonstrated. The reports were mainly from industrialised nations and small area geographic units were frequently used. CONCLUSION Geographic variation in cardiometabolic risk exists across multiple spatial scales and is positively associated with ASED. This association is independent of individual-level factors and provides an imperative for area-based approaches to informing policy and health service organisation. The study protocol is registered in International prospective register of systematic reviews (Register No: CRD42018115294) PROSPERO 2018.

中文翻译：

---

心脏代谢危险因素分布的地理和地区社会经济差异：文献的系统评价。

引言越来越多的出版物报告了不同地理尺度下心脏代谢风险因子（CMRF）分布的变化。对这些变化的审查可能有助于为政策和卫生服务机构提供信息。目的回顾研究报告，报告称世界各地成年（≥18岁）人口中CMRF的地理分布存在差异，并且与各种替代性测度地区水平的社会经济劣势（ASED）有关。方法考虑到评论问题的跨学科性质，在四个数据库（MEDLINE（Ovid），PubMed，Scopus和Web of Science）中系统地搜索了发表的文章。包括基于人口的横断面研究和队列研究，该研究对一种或多种CMRFs的生物代理的地理变异进行了分析，无论是否与ASED进行关联分析。两名独立的评审员筛选了研究，并在研究选择和报告中遵循了PRISMA指南。结果共检索并筛选了265项研究，结果有24项合格研究。审查揭示了多个国家中不同地理尺度的CMRF分布情况的报道。此外，还证明了ASED与较高CMRF患病率之间的一致性。报告主要来自工业化国家，经常使用小区域地理单位。结论心脏代谢风险的地理变异存在于多个空间尺度，并且与ASED呈正相关。这种联系独立于个人因素，并且为基于区域的方法向政策和卫生服务组织提供信息提供了必要条件。该研究方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价登记册中注册（登记号：CRD42018115294）PROSPERO 2018。