This extended essay seeks to unpack some of the key aspects of philosophy which are applicable to medical thought and practice. It proceeds via an analytical discussion of the contemporary debate in three key areas of medical ethics: euthanasia, concepts of health & disease and psychiatry.The main claims are as follows: 1. The case for legalising euthanasia is strong on philosophical grounds but there are numerous practical obstacles. 2. Elements from the normative and naturalistic definitions of disease are necessary for a thorough definition that dodges common objections to either. 3. Mental health cannot be subsumed under a purely physicalist model of health rendering it distinctly different from other fields in Medicine. Through a detailed discussion of three salient issues in the philosophy of medicine, it is argued that the application of profound philosophical thought to medicine and its practices reveals a depth that necessitates exploration before simply following the aims of curing all. Philosophical rigour matched with modern medicine has the potential to engage patients and help them make independent, informed decisions and assist physicians to think more clearly, analytically and empathetically.

中文翻译：

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哲学在医学领域的地位是什么？医学伦理学当代问题综述。

这篇扩展的文章试图揭示哲学的一些关键方面，这些方面适用于医学思想和实践。它通过对医学伦理学三个主要领域的当代辩论的分析性讨论进行：安乐死，健康与疾病和精神病学的概念。主要主张如下：1.在哲学上使安乐死合法化的理由很强，但仍有众多实际障碍。2.疾病的规范性和自然主义定义中的要素对于彻底避免任何一种共同反对意见的彻底定义是必不可少的。3.心理健康不能归入纯粹的物理主义健康模式，这使其与医学的其他领域截然不同。通过详细讨论医学哲学中的三个突出问题，有人认为，深刻的哲学思想在医学及其实践中的应用揭示了一种深度，需要深入探索才能简单地遵循治愈一切的目的。与现代医学相匹配的哲学上的严格性有可能吸引患者，并帮助他们做出独立，明智的决定，并帮助医生更加清晰，分析性和同理心地思考。