The eukaryotic cell cycle via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been considered as an effective signaling cascade pathway for anticancer therapy. In addition to the MAPK signaling pathway, the Rat Sarcoma Virus (Ras)/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (Raf)/MAPK-ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is a signaling cascade that has a crucial role to play in cell survival and development of cancer, especially breast cancer. Novel drugs and clinical trials need to be investigated, taking into consideration the already studied genetic defects related to genesis of tumors in certain populations. The present review provides novel insights into current anticancer treatments involving the MAPK pathway.

中文翻译：

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丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）：乳腺癌的新见解。

通过有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）的真核细胞周期已被认为是抗癌治疗的有效信号级联途径。除了MAPK信号传导途径外，大鼠肉瘤病毒（Ras）/快速加速纤维肉瘤（Raf）/ MAPK-ERK激酶（MEK）/细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）途径也是一种信号传导级联，对在癌症尤其是乳腺癌的细胞存活和发展中发挥作用。考虑到某些人群中与肿瘤发生有关的遗传缺陷，需要研究新药和临床试验。本综述提供了涉及MAPK途径的当前抗癌治疗的新见解。