Cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C.) is one of the oldest agricultural crops, each variety comprising an array of clones obtained by vegetative propagation from a selected vine grown from a single seedling. Most clones within a variety are identical, but some show a different form of accession, giving rise to new divergent phenotypes. Understanding the associations among the genotypes within a variety is crucial to efficient management and effective grapevine improvement. Inter-primer binding-site (iPBS) markers may aid in determining the new clones inside closely related genotypes. Following this idea, iPBS markers were used to assess the genetic variation of 33 grapevine genotypes collected from Russia. We used molecular markers to identify the differences among and within five grapevine clonal populations and analysed the variation, using clustering and statistical approaches. Four of a total of 30 PBS primers were selected, based on amplification efficiency. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with PBS primers resulted in a total of 1412 bands ranging from 300 to 6000 bp, with a polymorphism ratio of 44%, ranging from 58 to 75 bands per group. In total, were identified seven private bands in 33 genotypes. Results of molecular variance analysis showed that 40% of the total variation was observed within groups and only 60% between groups. Cluster analysis clearly showed that grapevine genotypes are highly divergent and possess abundant genetic diversities. The iPBS PCR-based genome fingerprinting technology used in this study effectively differentiated genotypes into five grapevine groups and indicated that iPBS markers are useful tools for clonal selection. The number of differences between clones was sufficient to identify them as separate clones of studied varieties containing unique mutations. Our previous phenotypic and phenological studies have confirmed that these genotypes differ from those of maternal plants. This work emphasized the need for a better understanding of the genotypic differences among closely related varieties of grapevine and has implications for the management of its selection processes.

中文翻译：

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使用 iPBS 标记对俄罗斯葡萄品种的葡萄树基因型进行遗传分析

栽培葡萄 (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa DC) 是最古老的农作物之一，每个品种都包含一系列无性系，通过从单株幼苗生长的选定葡萄树进行无性繁殖获得。一个品种中的大多数克隆是相同的，但有些表现出不同的加入形式，从而产生新的不同表型。了解品种内基因型之间的关联对于有效管理和有效的葡萄树改良至关重要。引物间结合位点 (iPBS) 标记可能有助于确定密切相关基因型内的新克隆。按照这个想法，iPBS 标记被用来评估从俄罗斯收集的 33 种葡萄基因型的遗传变异。我们使用分子标记来识别五个葡萄克隆种群之间和内部的差异，并使用聚类和统计方法分析变异。根据扩增效率，选择了总共 30 个 PBS 引物中的四个。PBS引物聚合酶链反应(PCR)共得到1412条300~6000 bp的条带，多态率为44%，每组58条到75条。总共确定了 33 个基因型中的 7 个私有条带。分子方差分析结果表明，总变异的 40% 出现在组内，而组间仅占 60%。聚类分析清楚地表明葡萄树基因型高度分化，具有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究中使用的基于 iPBS PCR 的基因组指纹识别技术有效地将基因型区分为五个葡萄组，并表明 iPBS 标记是用于克隆选择的有用工具。克隆之间的差异数量足以将它们鉴定为包含独特突变的研究品种的单独克隆。我们之前的表型和物候研究已经证实这些基因型不同于母本植物的基因型。这项工作强调需要更好地了解密切相关的葡萄品种之间的基因型差异，并对其选择过程的管理产生影响。克隆之间的差异数量足以将它们鉴定为包含独特突变的研究品种的单独克隆。我们之前的表型和物候研究已经证实这些基因型不同于母本植物的基因型。这项工作强调需要更好地了解密切相关的葡萄品种之间的基因型差异，并对其选择过程的管理产生影响。克隆之间的差异数量足以将它们鉴定为包含独特突变的研究品种的单独克隆。我们之前的表型和物候研究已经证实这些基因型不同于母本植物的基因型。这项工作强调需要更好地了解密切相关的葡萄品种之间的基因型差异，并对其选择过程的管理产生影响。