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Analysis of the role of thrombomodulin in all-trans retinoic acid treatment of coagulation disorders in cancer patients.
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling ( IF 2.432 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-16 , DOI: 10.1186/s12976-019-0099-z
Hamed Ghaffari 1 , Jeffrey D Varner 2 , Linda R Petzold 1, 3
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have shown that all-trans retinoic acid (RA), which is often used in treatment of cancer patients, improves hemostatic parameters and bleeding complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). However, the mechanisms underlying this improvement have yet to be elucidated. In vitro studies have reported that RA upregulates thrombomodulin (TM) expression on the endothelial cell surface. The objective of this study was to investigate how and to what extent the TM concentration changes after RA treatment in cancer patients, and how this variation influences the blood coagulation cascade. RESULTS In this study, we introduced an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of gene expression for the RA-induced upregulation of TM concentration. Coupling the gene expression model with a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model of RA, we obtained the time-dependent changes in TM and thrombomodulin-mRNA (TMR) concentrations following oral administration of RA. Our results indicated that the TM concentration reached its peak level almost 14 h after taking a single oral dose (110 [Formula: see text]) of RA. Continuous treatment with RA resulted in oscillatory expression of TM on the endothelial cell surface. We then coupled the gene expression model with a mechanistic model of the coagulation cascade, and showed that the elevated levels of TM over the course of RA therapy with a single daily oral dose (110 [Formula: see text]) of RA, reduced the peak thrombin levels and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) up to 50 and 49%, respectively. We showed that progressive reductions in plasma levels of RA, observed in continuous RA therapy with a once-daily oral dose (110 [Formula: see text]) of RA, did not affect TM-mediated reduction of thrombin generation significantly. This finding prompts the hypothesis that continuous RA treatment has more consistent therapeutic effects on coagulation disorders than on cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the oscillatory upregulation of TM expression on the endothelial cells over the course of RA therapy could potentially contribute to the treatment of coagulation abnormalities in cancer patients. Further studies on the impacts of RA therapy on the procoagulant activity of cancer cells are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms by which RA therapy improves hemostatic abnormalities in cancer.

中文翻译:

血栓调节蛋白在全反式维甲酸治疗癌症患者凝血功能障碍中的作用分析。

背景技术临床研究表明,常用于癌症患者的全反式维甲酸(RA)可改善止血参数和出血并发症,例如弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)。但是,尚未阐明这种改进的基础机制。体外研究报告说,RA上调了内皮细胞表面的血栓调节蛋白(TM)表达。这项研究的目的是研究癌症患者接受RA治疗后TM浓度如何以及在何种程度上变化,以及这种变化如何影响凝血级联。结果在这项研究中,我们介绍了一种基因表达的普通微分方程(ODE)模型,用于RA诱导的TM浓度上调。将基因表达模型与RA的两室药代动力学模型耦合,我们得出口服RA后TM和血栓调节蛋白-mRNA(TMR)浓度随时间的变化。我们的结果表明,单次口服RA(110 [配方:见正文])RA后约14小时,TM浓度达到峰值。RA连续治疗导致TM在内皮细胞表面振荡表达。然后,我们将基因表达模型与凝血级联机制模型结合起来,结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,每天口服一次RA(110 [公式:参见文本])可以降低TM的水平。凝血酶峰值水平和内源性凝血酶电位(ETP)分别高达50%和49%。我们发现,在每天一次口服RA(110 [公式:查看文本])连续RA治疗中观察到,RA血浆中RA水平的逐渐降低不会显着影响TM介导的凝血酶生成的降低。这一发现提出了这样的假设,即连续性RA治疗对凝血障碍的治疗效果比对癌症的治疗效果更一致。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。每天口服一次RA(110 [配方:见正文])的连续RA治疗中观察到的结果,并未显着影响TM介导的凝血酶生成减少。这一发现提出了这样的假设,即连续性RA治疗对凝血障碍的治疗效果比对癌症的治疗效果更一致。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。每天口服一次RA(110 [配方:见正文])的连续RA治疗中观察到的结果,并未显着影响TM介导的凝血酶生成减少。这一发现提出了这样的假设,即连续性RA治疗对凝血障碍的治疗效果比对癌症的治疗效果更一致。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。不会显着影响TM介导的凝血酶生成减少。这一发现提出了这样的假设,即连续性RA治疗对凝血障碍的治疗效果比对癌症的治疗效果更一致。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。不会显着影响TM介导的凝血酶生成减少。这一发现提出了这样的假设,即连续性RA治疗对凝血障碍的治疗效果比对癌症的治疗效果更一致。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。结论我们的结果表明,在RA治疗过程中,内皮细胞上TM表达的振荡上调可能有助于癌症患者凝血功能异常的治疗。需要进一步研究RA治疗对癌细胞促凝活性的影响,以更好地阐明RA治疗改善癌症止血异常的机制。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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